Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 

Background: Colic is a major health problem in controlled horse populations globally. It is a multifactorial and complex disorder. In Yemen, the prevalence, risk factors, and results of horse colic are unclear.

Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and haemato-biochemical changes associated with colic in horses in Sana’a, Yemen.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted from September 2023 to February 2024. A total of 254 horses were examined under field conditions. Colic was identified based on physical examination, clinical symptoms, and rectal examination. A questionnaire was distributed to the horse owners to assess the risk factors while the clinical examination was performed, and blood samples were obtained to estimate the haemato biochemical parameters in horses with colic.

Results: out of a total of 254 horses, the overall prevalence of colic in horses was found to be 11.81% (30 cases) and of these, 73.3% had spasmodic colic whereas 26.7% had impaction. The Means of respiration rate, pulse rate, and capillary refill time were significantly increased in horses affected with colic than healthy control animals (P<0.05). The horses with colic showed a significant association between cases with age (p<0.098), gender (p<0.023), deworming frequency (p<0.001), and previous exposure to colic (p<0.001). In hematological indices, the mean packed cell volume in horses with colic was found to be dramatically increased (P<0.0001), while the means of total platelet count, lymphocyte count, and neutrophil count were found to be significantly decreased (P<0.001). Serum biochemical indices, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, albumin, total protein, and alkaline phosphate, were significantly higher in horses with colic compared to healthy controls (P<0.0001).

Conclusions: This is the first study that documented the prevalence of colic in horses and identified risk factors and haemato-biochemical changes associated with colic in Sana’a province, Yemen. This information is a crucial first step in understanding the impact of colic in horses and developing ways to reduce the risk of colic.

Quantum entanglement has gained significant attention in recent years owing to its diverse application in quantum informatics. Its nonlocal nature makes it a crucial resource in quantum information, especially in quantum communication and networking. Entanglement plays a vital role in advancing quantum computation and technology.
This study discusses the creation of entangled quantum states using photon pairs and the measurement of entanglement, utilizing the IBM Q Experience the first industrial initiative to develop universal quantum computers and provide widespread access to these technologies through cloud platforms. The introduction of the Qiskit tool has enabled researchers, educators, developers, and enthusiasts to write code and conduct experiments on quantum machines. In this study, we implemented and tested circuits on the IBM Q quantum computing platform using Qiskit to execute quantum computing programs such as the Bell Inequality, CHSH Inequality, and Five-Qubit GHZ States, with two successful programming presented, these tools, along with the associated Jupyter Notebook pages, serve as additional resources for users of the IBM Q Experience. We present the results which will help evaluate these prototypes’ performance. Where quantum computers are designed to process information units that go beyond mere abstract mathematical entities, as suggested by Shannon’s theory; instead, they represent real physical objects defined by one of the two fundamental physical theories—quantum mechanics.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of heavy metals,: namely Cobalt (Co), Cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Iron (F)e, Zinc (Zn), and Lead (Pb), on four different species of Bacillus (Bacillus subitils sub sp. subitilus, B. atrophaeus, B. mycoides, B. weihenstephananensis). Various metal concentrations (75, 125, 250, 500, and 750 µg ml^-1) of each heavy metal salt were prepared and tested against the target organisms. This study showed that Bacillus spp. exhibited different responses to the different concentrations of heavy metals. Among the tested strains, B. atrophaeus and B. subtilils sub sp. subitils were the most sensitive to varying concentrations of the studied heavy metals. Cd was the most effective heavy metal on all tested strains, whereas all isolates were resistant to all concentrations of Mn and Pb. Most of the strains were resistant to different concentrations of Cu and Fe.

Neem (Azadirachta indica), has long been recognized for its medicinal properties. This study evaluates the antibacterial, antioxidant using the Ferric-Biperidine Reducing Capacity of Total Antioxidants (FBRC), Ferric-Reduced Antioxidant Method (FRAP), and scavenging activity by the 1, 1-diphenyl 2-picrylhyorazyl (DPPH) method. The total phenolic content of neem leaf and seed extracts was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu Aliquot method. Among the extracts analyzed, the aqueous soaked leaf extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, followed by the ethanolic-soaked leaf extracts, while the ethanolic Soxhlet seed extracts demonstrated the lowest activity. the total phenolic content was the highest in ethanolic Soxhlet seed extracts (6.319 mg/mg AAE) and aqueous soaked leaf extracts (4.838 mg/mg), with ethanolic soaked leaf extracts showing the lowest concentration (4.165 mg/mg). Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was observed exclusively in ethanol-soaked leaf extracts, with significant inhibition of S. aureus (18 mm). These findings high-light the potent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of neem extracts, supporting their potential application in medicinal treatments.

Even though business intelligence (BI) systems are widely used by organizations across all industries, they frequently fail to yield the expected benefits because the critical success factors (CSFs) that guarantee effective adoption are not considered. Giving this field more scholarly and practical attention is essential. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the CSFs that influence the adoption of BI. This research employed the systematic literature review methodology. The study analyzes and synthesizes 64 relevant studies to address the CSFs influencing BI adoption. The findings indicate that organizational and technological factors are the most important factors. The study also analyzes the importance of the CSFs. Finally, the study finds that top management support, organizational readiness, clear vision, information/data quality, system integration, IT infrastructure, competitive Pressure, and change management influence BI adoption.

Irrigation scheduling is a critical component of effective crop water management, involving the strategic determination of both the timing and volume of water to be applied. This study employed the CROPWAT 8.0 model to assist in optimizing irrigation practices for tomato cultivation. The primary objective was to accurately estimate the crop's water requirements and define the ideal irrigation intervals. A comprehensive dataset, including rainfall, crop type, soil properties, and climatic factors, was integrated into the model for analysis. The results revealed that October experienced the highest reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) at 5.58 mm/day, while July recorded the lowest value at 4.65 mm/day. The lowest daily crop water requirement occurred in the third decade of December, at 10.9 mm, whereas the highest demand was observed in the third decade of October, at 66.5 mm. Over the entire growing season, the total water requirement for tomato crops was determined to be 625.9 mm

The studied area is located in the east of Sana’a, Yemen, between latitudes 1700000 - 1720000 N and longitudes 430000 - 450000 E. Geological and aeromagnetic maps of the region (Sheet 13G, scaled at 1:250,000) are among the data used. By analyzing the available aeromagnetic data, the current work seeks to comprehend the regional subsurface structures and their contributions to surface geological formations. A number of analysis methods, such as regional/ residual separation, spectral analysis and Euler deconvolution have been used to critically interpret the aeromagnetic map. According to the findings, two tectonic events have primarily influenced the region throughout its geological past. The region’s tectonic framework Is largely determined by the tectonic activity of the late Precambrian (Najd Rift System, trending from NW to SE), which has experienced reactivation along with the opening of the Red Sea. Another more recent tectonic event (during the Cenozoic, trending from NE to SW) is linked to the emplacement of a trap volcanic chain and the opening of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. 2D spectrum analysis and 3D Euler deconvolution techniques were used to calculate the depth of the magnetic anomaly sources, which were determined to be between less than 250 and 3086 m.