Civil Engineering

Items 7

Estimating Surface Runoff Potential in the Abyan Delta, Yemen Using GIS-Based SCS-Curve Number Method

Sady Alsady, Marwan Al-Badani, Zamzam Mubarak

1164-1170

2025-10-28

DOI: 10.59628/jast.v3i5.1987

Abstract

A GIS-based Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) approach was used to estimate surface-runoff potential in Yemen’s arid Abyan Delta (∼1,237 km²). Sentinel-2 (10 m) imagery was classified into major land-cover types and combined with hydrologic soil groups (HYSOGs) to assign CN values under Antecedent Moisture Condition II. The composite CN map (67–100; mean = 91.8) indicates limited infiltration across large areas of bare or impervious surfaces on clayey soils. Using the standard SCS-CN equations, event runoff was simulated for representative storm depths of 74, 124, and 174 mm. The model produced direct-runoff depths of ∼52, 100, and 150 mm, corresponding to runoff coefficients of ∼71%, 81%, and 86%, and basin-wide volumes of 0.65, 1.24, and 1.85 × 10⁸ m³, respectively. Spatial attribution shows that high-CN zones (notably barren HSG-C/D units and built-up/roads) generate most of the runoff despite covering a smaller fraction of the delta. The results identify priority areas for spate-irrigation, retention, and recharge interventions, and provide a reproducible baseline for flood-risk reduction and water-harvesting planning in data-scarce drylands. The workflow can be readily updated with improved soils, land-use, or climate inputs to support adaptive management.

Keywords

Surface runoff Curve Number GIS, Remote sensing Arid hydrology Abyan Delta
How to Cite This Article
Sady Alsady, Marwan Al-Badani, Zamzam Mubarak (2025). Estimating Surface Runoff Potential in the Abyan Delta, Yemen Using GIS-Based SCS-Curve Number Method. Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 1164-1170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v3i5.1987

Sady Alsady, Marwan Al-Badani, Zamzam Mubarak . “Estimating Surface Runoff Potential in the Abyan Delta, Yemen Using GIS-Based SCS-Curve Number Method.” Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 2025, pp. 1164-1170. https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v3i5.1987. Accessed 20 Sep. 2026.

Sady Alsady, Marwan Al-Badani, Zamzam Mubarak . 2025. “Estimating Surface Runoff Potential in the Abyan Delta, Yemen Using GIS-Based SCS-Curve Number Method.” Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology : 1164-1170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v3i5.1987

Sady Alsady, Marwan Al-Badani, Zamzam Mubarak (2025) ‘Estimating Surface Runoff Potential in the Abyan Delta, Yemen Using GIS-Based SCS-Curve Number Method’, Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, pp. 1164-1170. doi: 10.59628/jast.v3i5.1987

@article{jast2025_art1987, author = {Sady Alsady, Marwan Al-Badani, Zamzam Mubarak }, title = {Estimating Surface Runoff Potential in the Abyan Delta, Yemen Using GIS-Based SCS-Curve Number Method}, journal = {Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology}, year = {2025}, month = {October}, pages = {1164-1170}, doi = {10.59628/jast.v3i5.1987}, url = {https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v3i5.1987},}

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Estimating Surface Runoff Potential in the Abyan Delta, Yemen Using GIS-Based SCS-Curve Number Method

Sady Alsady salsady@unicef.org

Marwan Al-Badani Corresponding mrwan87@yahoo.com

Zamzam Mubarak zamzam_mubarak@yahoo.com

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Household-Level Assessment of Urban Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Potential and Its Contribution to Domestic Water Supply in Al-Wahdah District, Sana’a City, Yemen

Adel Maaodhah, Marwan Al-Badani, Sharafaddin Salleh

2344-2351

2026-08-28

DOI: 10.59628/jast.v4i8.3287

Abstract

Sana’a City faces severe water scarcity driven by limited rainfall, rapid urban growth, and groundwater overexploitation. This study assessed the potential contribution of rooftop rainwater harvesting (RTRWH) to domestic water supply in Al-Wahdah District, Sana’a City. The methodology integrated household survey data, GIS-based rooftop digitization, roof-material information, and monthly rainfall records for 2013–2022, with an average annual rainfall of 335.4 mm. Of 374 valid surveyed buildings, 277 residential buildings were analyzed after excluding 97 non-residential or unsuitable records. Domestic demand was estimated using observed (47.5 L/c/d) household consumption and the SWSLC benchmark of 61 L/c/d. Current RTRWH use was negligible, contributing less than 1% of consumption. Under a theoretical full rooftop utilization scenario, excluding storage constraints and first-flush losses, RTRWH could provide about 13,234 m3/year, equivalent to 19.6% of observed demand and 14.7% of estimated demand. Results show that RTRWH is a valuable supplementary source, but practical use requires storage and water-quality consideration.

Keywords

Rooftop rainwater harvesting domestic water demand GIS urban water scarcity Sana’a City Yemen.
How to Cite This Article
Adel Maaodhah, Marwan Al-Badani, Sharafaddin Salleh (2026). Household-Level Assessment of Urban Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Potential and Its Contribution to Domestic Water Supply in Al-Wahdah District, Sana’a City, Yemen. Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 2344-2351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i8.3287

Adel Maaodhah, Marwan Al-Badani, Sharafaddin Salleh . “Household-Level Assessment of Urban Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Potential and Its Contribution to Domestic Water Supply in Al-Wahdah District, Sana’a City, Yemen.” Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 2026, pp. 2344-2351. https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i8.3287. Accessed 20 Sep. 2026.

Adel Maaodhah, Marwan Al-Badani, Sharafaddin Salleh . 2026. “Household-Level Assessment of Urban Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Potential and Its Contribution to Domestic Water Supply in Al-Wahdah District, Sana’a City, Yemen.” Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology : 2344-2351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i8.3287

Adel Maaodhah, Marwan Al-Badani, Sharafaddin Salleh (2026) ‘Household-Level Assessment of Urban Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Potential and Its Contribution to Domestic Water Supply in Al-Wahdah District, Sana’a City, Yemen’, Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, pp. 2344-2351. doi: 10.59628/jast.v4i8.3287

@article{jast2026_art3287, author = {Adel Maaodhah, Marwan Al-Badani, Sharafaddin Salleh }, title = {Household-Level Assessment of Urban Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Potential and Its Contribution to Domestic Water Supply in Al-Wahdah District, Sana’a City, Yemen}, journal = {Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology}, year = {2026}, month = {August}, pages = {2344-2351}, doi = {10.59628/jast.v4i8.3287}, url = {https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i8.3287},}

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Household-Level Assessment of Urban Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Potential and Its Contribution to Domestic Water Supply in Al-Wahdah District, Sana’a City, Yemen

Adel Maaodhah adel.maaodhah@gmail.com

Marwan Al-Badani Corresponding mrwan87@yahoo.com

Sharafaddin Salleh sharaf1960s@gmail.com

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Influence of Filler Type on Hot Mix Asphalt Properties: Performance Assessment of Bajil Limestone and Sana’a Basalt

Salman Al-Nuwairah, Abdlsalam AL-Thawr, Ali Rajeh

1881-1889

2026-03-28

DOI: 10.59628/jast.v4i3.2725

Abstract

Mineral filler selection significantly influences the mechanical performance and economic efficiency of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). This study evaluates two locally available Yemeni fillers, Bajil limestone and Sana’a basalt, to identify a technically and economically optimal alternative for pavement construction. Marshall mix design and standardized laboratory tests were conducted to assess stability, flow, volumetric properties, optimum asphalt content (OAC), and moisture susceptibility. Results indicate that the limestone mixture achieved an OAC of (3.8%), compared to (4.8%) for the basalt mixture, representing a 21% reduction in asphalt binder demand and substantial cost savings. Although basalt provided slightly higher Marshall stability, both mixtures satisfied specification requirements. The limestone mix demonstrated superior moisture resistance, achieving a tensile strength ratio of (90.7%) compared to (82.6%) for basalt. Overall, Bajil limestone provides adequate mechanical performance, improved durability, and enhanced economic efficiency, making it a practical and sustainable alternative filler for asphalt pavement applications in Yemen.

Keywords

Hot mix asphalt (HMA) Marshall properties Moisture susceptibility (TSR) Limestone mineral filler Asphalt mixture performance
How to Cite This Article
Salman Al-Nuwairah, Abdlsalam AL-Thawr, Ali Rajeh (2026). Influence of Filler Type on Hot Mix Asphalt Properties: Performance Assessment of Bajil Limestone and Sana’a Basalt. Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 1881-1889. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i3.2725

Salman Al-Nuwairah, Abdlsalam AL-Thawr, Ali Rajeh . “Influence of Filler Type on Hot Mix Asphalt Properties: Performance Assessment of Bajil Limestone and Sana’a Basalt.” Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 2026, pp. 1881-1889. https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i3.2725. Accessed 20 Sep. 2026.

Salman Al-Nuwairah, Abdlsalam AL-Thawr, Ali Rajeh . 2026. “Influence of Filler Type on Hot Mix Asphalt Properties: Performance Assessment of Bajil Limestone and Sana’a Basalt.” Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology : 1881-1889. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i3.2725

Salman Al-Nuwairah, Abdlsalam AL-Thawr, Ali Rajeh (2026) ‘Influence of Filler Type on Hot Mix Asphalt Properties: Performance Assessment of Bajil Limestone and Sana’a Basalt’, Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, pp. 1881-1889. doi: 10.59628/jast.v4i3.2725

@article{jast2026_art2725, author = {Salman Al-Nuwairah, Abdlsalam AL-Thawr, Ali Rajeh }, title = {Influence of Filler Type on Hot Mix Asphalt Properties: Performance Assessment of Bajil Limestone and Sana’a Basalt}, journal = {Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology}, year = {2026}, month = {March}, pages = {1881-1889}, doi = {10.59628/jast.v4i3.2725}, url = {https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i3.2725},}

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Influence of Filler Type on Hot Mix Asphalt Properties: Performance Assessment of Bajil Limestone and Sana’a Basalt

Salman Al-Nuwairah Corresponding slman.alnoira@su.edu.ye

Abdlsalam AL-Thawr a.althawr@su.edu.ye

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KEY INTERNAL FACTORS CAUSING SCHEDULE DELAYS IN YEMEN-MOBILE TELECOM TRANSCEIVER SITES PROJECTS

Mohammed Ahmed M. Aqlan, Wael Alaghbari, Farouk A. Al-Fahaidy

1481-1495

2026-01-29

DOI: 10.59628/jast.v4i1.2292

Abstract

In Yemen, telecom projects frequently experience schedule delays, which in turn impede the successful execution of strategic initiatives and the effective deployment of new public services. This study aims to investigate the internal factors causing schedule delays in Yemen-Mobile’s transceiver sites projects. A re-structured questionnaire was distributed to employees involved in the implementation of transceiver sits projects in Yemen Mobile. Of the 191 questionnaires distributed, 154 valid responses were collected and used for analysis. The study identified ten major factors that have a significant detrimental influence on project schedules and caused delay. Procurement phase - related issues emerged as the most influential. These factors included a lack of technical equipment, supplier-related delays, lengthy purchasing procedures and unqualified technical equipment suppliers. Furthermore, Delays in the implementation phase also include delays in fiber optic network connection, security-related material and equipment delays to the project site and implementation start barriers. In addition to, the lack of comprehensive procurement planning, ineffective the strategy of addressing challenges of sites acquisition and lack of monitoring and control plans were identified as a critical planning issue. The study provided practical recommendations for improving procurement management, boosting the efficiency of the implementation phase, and addressing planning issues.

Keywords

Projects Transceiver Sites Schedule Yemen-Mobile Telecom Projects Delay
How to Cite This Article
Mohammed Ahmed M. Aqlan, Wael Alaghbari, Farouk A. Al-Fahaidy (2026). KEY INTERNAL FACTORS CAUSING SCHEDULE DELAYS IN YEMEN-MOBILE TELECOM TRANSCEIVER SITES PROJECTS. Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 1481-1495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i1.2292

Mohammed Ahmed M. Aqlan, Wael Alaghbari, Farouk A. Al-Fahaidy . “KEY INTERNAL FACTORS CAUSING SCHEDULE DELAYS IN YEMEN-MOBILE TELECOM TRANSCEIVER SITES PROJECTS.” Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 2026, pp. 1481-1495. https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i1.2292. Accessed 20 Sep. 2026.

Mohammed Ahmed M. Aqlan, Wael Alaghbari, Farouk A. Al-Fahaidy . 2026. “KEY INTERNAL FACTORS CAUSING SCHEDULE DELAYS IN YEMEN-MOBILE TELECOM TRANSCEIVER SITES PROJECTS.” Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology : 1481-1495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i1.2292

Mohammed Ahmed M. Aqlan, Wael Alaghbari, Farouk A. Al-Fahaidy (2026) ‘KEY INTERNAL FACTORS CAUSING SCHEDULE DELAYS IN YEMEN-MOBILE TELECOM TRANSCEIVER SITES PROJECTS’, Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, pp. 1481-1495. doi: 10.59628/jast.v4i1.2292

@article{jast2026_art2292, author = {Mohammed Ahmed M. Aqlan, Wael Alaghbari, Farouk A. Al-Fahaidy }, title = {KEY INTERNAL FACTORS CAUSING SCHEDULE DELAYS IN YEMEN-MOBILE TELECOM TRANSCEIVER SITES PROJECTS}, journal = {Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology}, year = {2026}, month = {January}, pages = {1481-1495}, doi = {10.59628/jast.v4i1.2292}, url = {https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i1.2292},}

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KEY INTERNAL FACTORS CAUSING SCHEDULE DELAYS IN YEMEN-MOBILE TELECOM TRANSCEIVER SITES PROJECTS

Mohammed Ahmed M. Aqlan engaqlan2025@gmail.com

Wael Alaghbari Corresponding wael.aghbari@gmail.com

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Organizational AI Readiness for Telecom Project Management: A Conceptual Review and Diagnostic Framework

Mohammed Abdullah Thabit Al-maazi, Ibrahim Alameri, Farouk A. Al-Fahaidy

2010-2024

2026-04-28

DOI: 10.59628/jast.v4i4.2682

Abstract

Telecommunications operators are under increasing pressure to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to keep up with the recent technologies and stay ahead in the service provision advancement. However, within organizations that are not adequately prepared for AI adoption, many of these initiatives fail to gain traction. The study explores how existing academic research and practical frameworks can conceptualize organizational AI readiness in project-based telecom contexts. It synthesizes six peer-reviewed academic studies on AI readiness and digital transformation and four telecom-relevant AI readiness and maturity frameworks from industry bodies. Using a hybrid Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) and People Process–Technology-in-use–Data (PPTD) lens, the 80 readiness indicators derived from the academic and practical resources were coded. Then, analyzed them through reflexive thematic analysis and identified nine interrelated AI readiness themes: strategic AI vision and business alignment; leadership, culture and change climate; human capital and AI skills; data assets, governance and protection; technology and infrastructure backbone; AI solutions, lifecycle and experimentation; organizational processes, governance and project operations; value realization and performance impact; and external ecosystem, regulation and partnerships. These themes are integrated into a conceptual diagnostic framework tailored to project management in telecom organizations and motivated by the challenges of communication service providers in contexts such as Yemen. The resulted framework addresses the gap of fragmented academic and practical perspectives. This offers telecom project management offices (PMOs) a conceptualizing mechanism to reflect on AI readiness, identify potential gaps and prioritizing interventions. In the same time, it provides a basis for future empirical validation and cross-sector comparison.

Keywords

Artificial Intelligence Organizational Readiness Project Management Telecommunications Digital Transformation Readiness Framework
How to Cite This Article
Mohammed Abdullah Thabit Al-maazi, Ibrahim Alameri, Farouk A. Al-Fahaidy (2026). Organizational AI Readiness for Telecom Project Management: A Conceptual Review and Diagnostic Framework. Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 2010-2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i4.2682

Mohammed Abdullah Thabit Al-maazi, Ibrahim Alameri, Farouk A. Al-Fahaidy . “Organizational AI Readiness for Telecom Project Management: A Conceptual Review and Diagnostic Framework.” Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 2026, pp. 2010-2024. https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i4.2682. Accessed 20 Sep. 2026.

Mohammed Abdullah Thabit Al-maazi, Ibrahim Alameri, Farouk A. Al-Fahaidy . 2026. “Organizational AI Readiness for Telecom Project Management: A Conceptual Review and Diagnostic Framework.” Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology : 2010-2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i4.2682

Mohammed Abdullah Thabit Al-maazi, Ibrahim Alameri, Farouk A. Al-Fahaidy (2026) ‘Organizational AI Readiness for Telecom Project Management: A Conceptual Review and Diagnostic Framework’, Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, pp. 2010-2024. doi: 10.59628/jast.v4i4.2682

@article{jast2026_art2682, author = {Mohammed Abdullah Thabit Al-maazi, Ibrahim Alameri, Farouk A. Al-Fahaidy }, title = {Organizational AI Readiness for Telecom Project Management: A Conceptual Review and Diagnostic Framework}, journal = {Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology}, year = {2026}, month = {April}, pages = {2010-2024}, doi = {10.59628/jast.v4i4.2682}, url = {https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i4.2682},}

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Organizational AI Readiness for Telecom Project Management: A Conceptual Review and Diagnostic Framework

Mohammed Abdullah Thabit Al-maazi Corresponding m.almaazi@su.edu.ye

Ibrahim Alameri i.ameri@su.edu.ye

Farouk A. Al-Fahaidy farouqakh@gmail.com

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Root Causes of Disputes in Construction Projects Implemented by Foreign Companies in Yemen

Akram Fadhel Murshed AL-Matari, Abdulmalek Hazza Al-Jolahy, Fadhl Ali Al-Nozaily

1741-1750

2026-02-28

DOI: 10.59628/jast.v4i2.2227

Abstract

Disputes in construction projects pose a major challenge worldwide, particularly in fragile environments such as Yemen, where they often disrupt key infrastructure development. This study examines the root causes of disputes in foreign-led construction projects in Yemen, using a mixed-methods approach that integrates quantitative and qualitative data. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 212 professionals (199 valid responses), and semi-structured interviews were conducted with five senior Yemeni experts. Nineteen dispute-related variables were analyzed in five dimensions: technical, contractual, administrative, operational, and behavioral. Statistical analyses using SPSS (t-tests and ANOVA) confirmed that all the dimensions were significant and interrelated. The results identified unclear contract clauses, delayed payments, weak coordination, and cultural gaps as the primary dispute triggers. The triangulated findings validate the reliability of the results. The study concludes that disputes arise from multiple interlinked factors and recommends stronger contract governance, effective communication, and proactive project management to minimize disputes in Yemen’s construction sector.

Keywords

Disputes Foreign Contractors Construction Technical Payment Delays Yemen Mixed-methods
How to Cite This Article
Akram Fadhel Murshed AL-Matari, Abdulmalek Hazza Al-Jolahy, Fadhl Ali Al-Nozaily (2026). Root Causes of Disputes in Construction Projects Implemented by Foreign Companies in Yemen. Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 1741-1750. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i2.2227

Akram Fadhel Murshed AL-Matari, Abdulmalek Hazza Al-Jolahy, Fadhl Ali Al-Nozaily . “Root Causes of Disputes in Construction Projects Implemented by Foreign Companies in Yemen.” Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 2026, pp. 1741-1750. https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i2.2227. Accessed 20 Sep. 2026.

Akram Fadhel Murshed AL-Matari, Abdulmalek Hazza Al-Jolahy, Fadhl Ali Al-Nozaily . 2026. “Root Causes of Disputes in Construction Projects Implemented by Foreign Companies in Yemen.” Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology : 1741-1750. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i2.2227

Akram Fadhel Murshed AL-Matari, Abdulmalek Hazza Al-Jolahy, Fadhl Ali Al-Nozaily (2026) ‘Root Causes of Disputes in Construction Projects Implemented by Foreign Companies in Yemen’, Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, pp. 1741-1750. doi: 10.59628/jast.v4i2.2227

@article{jast2026_art2227, author = {Akram Fadhel Murshed AL-Matari, Abdulmalek Hazza Al-Jolahy, Fadhl Ali Al-Nozaily }, title = {Root Causes of Disputes in Construction Projects Implemented by Foreign Companies in Yemen}, journal = {Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology}, year = {2026}, month = {February}, pages = {1741-1750}, doi = {10.59628/jast.v4i2.2227}, url = {https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i2.2227},}

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Root Causes of Disputes in Construction Projects Implemented by Foreign Companies in Yemen

Akram Fadhel Murshed AL-Matari Corresponding akram.almtri@su.edu.ye

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Unveiling the Secrets of Ancient Waterproofing: A Multi-Analytical Characterization of Traditional Qadhad Mortar from Sira Castle, Yemen

Sarhan Al-Gawi, M.A. Al-Gorafi, Abdulwahab M. Al-Nono

2103-2121

2026-05-28

DOI: 10.59628/jast.v4i5.2910

Abstract

Qadhad is one of the most prominent traditional construction materials in Yemeni architecture, it has been used for centuries in lining cisterns, roofs, and hydraulic structures due to its high resistance to water and moisture, as well as its remarkable long-term durability. This study aims to characterize and analyze the properties of traditional Qadhad used in the historic Sira Castle in Aden City, thereby providing a scientific basis for its reproduction with comparable performance in contemporary conservation and construction as a waterproofing material. Physical tests (apparent density, open porosity, water absorption, and capillary absorption), hydraulic tests (permeability and hydraulic indices), and mineralogical analyses (XRD, XRF, SEM-EDS) were conducted in accordance with international standards. The results indicated that the apparent density of the Sira Castle Qadhad reached 1740 kg/m³, while the open porosity was 19.6%. The water absorption was 11.27%, and the permeability coefficient was approximately 6.55×10⁻⁹ m/s, demonstrating an exceptional ability to resist water infiltration and an excellent balance between density and durability. The mineral analyses (XRD and XRF) revealed the mineralogical and chemical composition of the Qadhad, while SEM-EDS micrographs showed its dense microstructure formed by calcium and aluminum hydrate gels that fill the pores, granting the material outstanding waterproofing performance that has endured for centuries in coastal environments.

Keywords

Yemeni plaster Traditional building materials Waterproofing material Characterization XRD XRF SEM
How to Cite This Article
Sarhan Al-Gawi, M.A. Al-Gorafi, Abdulwahab M. Al-Nono (2026). Unveiling the Secrets of Ancient Waterproofing: A Multi-Analytical Characterization of Traditional Qadhad Mortar from Sira Castle, Yemen. Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 2103-2121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i5.2910

Sarhan Al-Gawi, M.A. Al-Gorafi, Abdulwahab M. Al-Nono . “Unveiling the Secrets of Ancient Waterproofing: A Multi-Analytical Characterization of Traditional Qadhad Mortar from Sira Castle, Yemen.” Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 2026, pp. 2103-2121. https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i5.2910. Accessed 20 Sep. 2026.

Sarhan Al-Gawi, M.A. Al-Gorafi, Abdulwahab M. Al-Nono . 2026. “Unveiling the Secrets of Ancient Waterproofing: A Multi-Analytical Characterization of Traditional Qadhad Mortar from Sira Castle, Yemen.” Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology : 2103-2121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i5.2910

Sarhan Al-Gawi, M.A. Al-Gorafi, Abdulwahab M. Al-Nono (2026) ‘Unveiling the Secrets of Ancient Waterproofing: A Multi-Analytical Characterization of Traditional Qadhad Mortar from Sira Castle, Yemen’, Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, pp. 2103-2121. doi: 10.59628/jast.v4i5.2910

@article{jast2026_art2910, author = {Sarhan Al-Gawi, M.A. Al-Gorafi, Abdulwahab M. Al-Nono }, title = {Unveiling the Secrets of Ancient Waterproofing: A Multi-Analytical Characterization of Traditional Qadhad Mortar from Sira Castle, Yemen}, journal = {Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology}, year = {2026}, month = {May}, pages = {2103-2121}, doi = {10.59628/jast.v4i5.2910}, url = {https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i5.2910},}

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Unveiling the Secrets of Ancient Waterproofing: A Multi-Analytical Characterization of Traditional Qadhad Mortar from Sira Castle, Yemen

Sarhan Al-Gawi Corresponding sarhanalialgawy@gmail.com

M.A. Al-Gorafi m.algorafi@su.edu.ye

Abdulwahab M. Al-Nono a.alnono@eng-su.edu.ye

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