Article
Mutation Induction in a Yemeni Coffee Variety Using Sodium Azide and Peganum harmala seeds Extract
The research was carried out during 2023/2024, in the laboratory of the Participatory Foundation for Research and Dissemination and the Faculty of Agriculture, Foods, and Environment, Sana'a University, Yemen under controlled condition, for the objective to improve genetic variation in Yemeni coffee. The seeds of a local variety "Udini" were used, and four treatments, namely the control without any treatment of the seeds, the second treatment was soaked with sodium azide solution at a concentration of 0.1 molar and the third treatment was treated with the seeds extract of the Harmel plant (Peganum harmala L.), and the fourth by dipping the roots of the coffee seedlings after germination with the extract of Harmel, in this treatment all the plants were died within the first weeks of dipping the seedling roots in the Harmal extract, this indicates the importance of using lower concentrations and immersion times. The results showed that the use of mutational chemicals had a role in causing changes in the speed and rate of seed germination, in the length of seedlings, and in the number and length of roots, and the analysis of the frequency curves showed that the distribution of the frequency of the natural plant population was clearly affected in the treatments by the mutagenic substances compared to the natural control group in relation to the most traits. The phenotypic transformations that appeared on the cotyledon leaves and on the real leaves developing on the first node were recorded, and seven forms of deformations were distinguished, represented in heterogeneity in the cotyledon leaves and in the real leaves and in the cotyledon leaves and real leaves together. These results clearly indicate that mutations can be used as a tool to improve genetic variation in Yemeni coffee.
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Mutation Induction in a Yemeni Coffee Variety Using Sodium Azide and Peganum harmala seeds Extract. (2026). Sana’a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 4(4), 1977-1997. https://doi.org/10.59628/jast.v4i4.2538
