Sana'a University Journal of Human Sciences

The aim of the study was to shed light on the impact of internal service quality on customer satisfaction through achieving employee satisfaction at the National Center for Public Health Laboratories in Sana'a, Yemen. Data was collected from )112(employees and )203(customers. The descriptive analytical approach was used to describe the phenomenon of the study, analyze the data, and explore the relationships and effects among its components. SPSS and Amos software were used for data analysis. The study found that internal service quality has an impact on customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction. Furthermore, there is a statistically significant influence of employee satisfaction on customer satisfaction.

The study aimed to identify the reality of the availability of organizational culture, and the elements and values ​​that make it up, in Yemeni university libraries, and to know the extent to which there are statistically significant differences at the significance level (α≤0.05) in the study population’s answers about organizational culture attributable to demographic variables (gender - academic qualification - specialization - Job title - Years of experience. The descriptive survey method was used, and the study relied on the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data, and it was distributed to (115) individuals, and direct observation. The study reached several results, including:(71.3%) of the workers in these libraries have a bachelor’s degree, and (53.9%) are specialists in the field of libraries and information. It was found that the reality of applying organizational culture in the libraries of the Yemeni universities under study was (71%), The field of organizational philosophy was at (83%), while the field of elements of organizational culture was at (67%), as well as the availability of the values that make up the organizational culture in the libraries studied at (69%), and the dimension (organizational beliefs) occupied the forefront at (74%). While the dimension (organizational norms) came in last place (58%). Among the most important recommendations: that these libraries seek to establish an organizational culture that includes values and beliefs, it works to raise the morale of workers, pay attention to them and develop their capabilities, and sets the principles of comprehensive quality of services provided to beneficiaries. By creating an organizational climate characterized by flexibility and conducive to creativity and innovation, the necessity of instilling awareness of the importance of organizational culture by senior leadership in universities, spreading it among library workers.

This research aims to introduce Imam Al-Dailami (d. 444 AH) and Al-Mawardi (d. 450 AH) and to explain the importance of their books. In this, the researcher followed the historical inductive approach when introducing the two imams. The research also dealt with explaining the agreements between the two imams regarding the reasons for the revelation of Surat Al-Baqarah through Their interpretations, and the researcher followed the comparative descriptive approach in explaining the reasons for the revelation, and their style in mentioning it. The researcher divided this research into an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. The first section included: introducing the two imams Abu al-Fath al-Dailami and al-Mawardi, and their books, and the second section: the agreements among the two imams in Show the reasons for decline. One of the most prominent results reached by the researcher was that Imam Al-Dailami and Al-Mawardi agree in most places when they mention the reasons for the revelation, even if there is a difference in style between them. Imam Al-Daylami mentions the verse and explains its reason, and in mentioning the reasons for the revelation he does not follow one method, as he mentions the reason. Sometimes immediately after the verse, and sometimes he delayed mentioning it after mentioning the sayings and meanings, and in mentioning the reasons, he would either mention the person about whom this verse was revealed, or he would mention the incident and the incident, and when he mentioned the narrations regarding the reasons for the revelation, he did not clarify which ones were authentic and which were weak, and as for Imam Al-Mawardi, he mentioned the verse. He explains the reason for its revelation, and even if it was multiple, he mentions the differences of scholars regarding some of them, and there is also a difference and diversity in his style and formulas when he mentions the reason for the revelation. Sometimes he would say: “The reason for the revelation of this verse is such-and-such,” and sometimes he mentioned the reason for the revelation first, and he did not care when He transmitted it for reasons of revelation with a chain of transmission except in rare cases, and he did not clarify whether it was authentic or weak. The researcher recommended motivating students of the Book of God to study these two interpretations by comparing and balancing them. This is for the great benefits; And unique treasures; And stand on the efforts of these two great scholars; Who served the Book of God Almighty; They are two examples of interpreters, close in time, but different in doctrine. This project opens a great field for serving the Holy Qur’an.

The research aimed to present a proposed vision for automating and improving administrative processes in the Ministry of Education in the Republic of Yemen in light of the strategic vigilance approach. The research used the descriptive and analytical approach، and to achieve the goal of the study، the qualitative approach was used. The descriptive approach، both survey and developmental، was used using the questionnaire as a tool for the study to collect data. The research sample consisted of (16) individuals who are experts specialized in the field of educational administration and leadership based on the Delphi method to identify the opinions of experts on the degree of importance of the fields and components of the proposed perception for automating and improving the quality of administrative processes in the Ministry of Education in the light of strategic vigilance approach.  The researcher reached to several requirements (Administrative، cultural. community-based، legislated، organizational، technological and human resources).

Geometry Abstract This study aimed to study the effect of smart phone applications on the effect of fractal teaching by means of smart phone applications on the development of conceptual understanding among students of the College of Education. To achieve the aim of this study, data was collected from a sample consisting of (32) students from the second level of mathematics In the Faculty of Education, Sana'a University, who studied engineering and measurement 2 using smart phone applications, and the researcher followed the semi-experimental approach. The researcher used a test of conceptual understanding from the consisting of 20 Items of multiple choice, and It was confirmed that it Is valid and reliable. To analyze the data, the SPSS statistical package program was used, and the most important results resulted in the following: - There are statistically significant differences in the mean scores of students in the pre and posttest o conceptual understanding f in favor of the posttest. The researcher recommends the use of smart phone applications that keep pace with modernity, technological development and the age of the curriculum in the mathematics course, especially in engineering at the undergraduate level, because of its positive Impact on the development of conceptual understanding among students

        A Yemeni joining the Armed Forces of any country, which is involved in war against the Republic of Yemen, is considered one of the crimes of supporting and aiding the enemy. It is also considered one of the oldest and most fatal crimes. This criminalization is the first fence to protect the country, preserve its basic interests, protect its existence and survival, the cohesion of the unity of its people, and the integrity of its territory. The perpetrators of these crimes (The Traitors) charged and faced with severity and strictness in the punishment and penalty imposed on them because it is considered a Crime of High Betrayal. Due to the threat and fatality of these crimes, the Yemeni Legislator clearly stipulated it in the Article (127) of the Crimes and Penal Code and included several crimes forms of supporting the enemy, one of these crimes is “joining enemy forces”. The crime of joining the enemy’s army is figured by various legal systems as one of the most severe crimes, because it reveals and discloses the lack of loyalty to the home country and the disloyalty and unpatriotic to the home country. In this research, we discuss the statement and clarification of the crime elements that are represented by the supposed, material and moral elements, and what is the penalty resulting from that?  This research was divided into Four Elements: The First Element is the Supposed Component of the crime of joining the enemy’s’ force. The Second Element is the Material Component of the crime of joining the enemy’s’ force. The third Element is the moral component of the crime of joining the enemy’s’ force. The fourth Element is the punishment and the penalties for the crime of joining the enemy’s’ force. Final element is the conclusion, in which we explained the Results of this research and Recommendations.

        This study aimed to determine the role of knowledge management with its dimensions (generation, storage, sharing, application) in enhancing the strategic direction with its dimensions (vision, mission, goals) of Yemeni banks in Sana’a City. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the study followed the descriptive analytical approach. The study population was (2,202 individuals), including general managers, their deputies and assistants, office directors, branch managers, department heads, and supervisors, in (13) banks in Sana’a City. A stratified random sample method was used including (327 individuals). A questionnaire was used for collecting the study data. It was designed, modified,  developed, improved, and validated. The researcher use (SPSS) and (AMOS), to analyze the study data and test its hypotheses. The study results showed that there is a statistically significant role for knowledge management in enhancing the strategic direction of Yemeni banks in Sana’a City by providing high-quality banking services that meet the needs of their customers and attract the largest number of them which reflects in increasing their profits. According to the study results, several recommendations were introduced including increasing interest in applying knowledge with its dimensions for strategic direction because of its importance in shaping the future policy of Yemeni banks. Yemeni banks should make knowledge management a strategic priority in their work through which they can improve the quality of banking services and enhance the strategic direction process, leading to maintaining their current customers and attracting new ones.

Al-Mawardi (364-450 AH) emerged as a Shafi’i jurist and was the greatest judge in Baghdad. Amidst the duality of the Sunni Abbasid Caliph and the Shiite Buyid Sultan, although his duties were of a non-neutral politician, he was accepted by both parties. He mediated between them, contributing to the consolidation of the foundations of this duality for a century. Above his stature, this earned him an increase in prestige and dignity. Al-Mawardi spread his intellectual treasures in every direction. The most impactful one of them in the political community was the book he wrote on the Sultan’s rulings, to serve as a legal and administrative constitution. Thus, it represented a shift in Islamic political jurisprudence. Either among those who considered it a retreat from certain principles, as it justified the emirate of seizure and dominance, or among those who saw it as a reflection of a realistic ability that succeeded in providing Islamic solutions with realistic diligence.

As Al-Mawardi’s visions expanded various cosmological, jurisprudential, and political fields, alongside practical experience, they yielded a philosophical work. When these visions overlapped to create an intellectual network with realistic wisdom, thinkers and philosophers rushed to explore Al-Mawardi’s philosophical works which overlapped with Qur’anic interpretation as well as Al-Hawi’s jurisprudence, within the complications of Ash'ari and the innovations of the Mu'tazilites.

Thus, the springs of Mawardi philosophy manifested through four foundational principles: Religious legitimacy, rational centrality, realistic ability, and deconstruction sufficiency. These integrated deeply making Al-Mawardi’s work become a philosophical school of a special kind. It is neither purely religious nor dryly rational, but it harmonizes religion and reason, providing society with ability and sufficiency in politics as well as economics.

The study aimed to determine the impact of organizational development on the level of performance of health facilities in private hospitals in the capital secretariat in Yemen. to achieve the objectives of the study, the quantitative approach was used in its descriptive and analytical style and the questionnaire was distributed to a sample consisting of (400) individuals working in the administrative and medical levels and assisting in the private hospitals under study.

The study concluded a number of results, the most important of which are: that the reality of organizational development in the private hospitals under study was to a large degree, the level of performance of health facilities was to a large extent, there is an impact of organizational development on the level of performance of health facilities, and the greater the impact of organizational development, the greater the level of performance of health facilities in hospitals under study..

The study concluded a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: Hospital management should review analysis and follow-up activities and enhance interest in following up on workers’ conditions and their participation in implementing them in a way that leads to increasing the efficiency of organizational development and improving the performance of health facilities, activating the evaluation, development and implementation of the organizational development methodology to improve health conditions and health level services provided to patients in a way that contributes to improving the general health of society.

The two researchers have thought  that the writings of, Abi Muhammad al-Hasan bin Ahmad bin Yaqoub al-Hamedani are the most important writings that appeal to the researcher’s interest, which attract their mind and thought, and forced  him to stand amazed by the abundance of the writer’s information in various aspects, its accuracy, and his ability to write attractively, even though he is one of  the fourth century author  AH, the tenth AD, and from this As a starting point, the two researchers stand amazed at scattered information among the available writings of Al-Hamdani about Mount Takhla (Maswer), containing historical, descriptive, natural, human, astronomical and Anthropological aspects of great importance.

Therefore, the research focuses on an attempt to transfer a picture of what Al-Hamdani wrote about Takhla a mountain (Maswer) where he had compared it with the available writings, including the writings of historians and geographers of the twenty-first century, to provide capabilities and means that did not exist in the era of Al-Hamdani, so that we prove with definitive evidence the validity or denial of what Al-Hamdani reached in terms of knowledge and know-how. An experience that we rarely find in a world of contemporary scholars. And documenting the landmarks that were destined to continue to this day, with a reminder of what has disappeared, perhaps someone will come to renew and preserve them because they are connected to the ancient history of Yemen and because they are part of its memory and identity. This is done through the following Research:

First: Geographical Research:

Second: Social Research:

Third: Economic Research:

Fourth: the political research:

The study aimed to know the reality of applying the principles of good governance in the local authority in the capital Sana'a. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive approach was used, and the study reached a number of results that the application of the principles of good governance was available to a moderate degree, at a rate of (60) % in the local authority, and that the principles of transparency and accountability are the least applied. The local authority suffers from a scarcity of local financial resources, a weak ability to develop its own resources, and dependence on central support, and decline in its the level of services provided to citizens. The study recommended the need to make efforts to implement the principles of good governance in the local authority, pay attention to achieving transparency by publishing the information on the Internet, strengthen the principle of accountability, and enhance the participation of citizens and civil society organizations in the process of planning and evaluation of projects and providing local services. There is a need to move towards electronic local administration. the Ministry of Local Administration have to raise awareness and spread the culture of good governance among local councils.

        This paper aimed to examine the relationship of women with the other and their voice in the contemporary Yemeni novel, from a socio-textual perspective, in four novels chosen as a sample for this investigation which are: Sana'i by Nadia Al-Kawkabani, A Land Without a Sky by Wagdi Al-Ahdal, American Coffee by Ahmed Zein, and It's the Sea by Ba’amer. The researcher focused in the study framework on the manifestations of the feminist and paternal sociolecte in the novels at the lexical and syntactic levels. The researcher also examined the narrative level on the modele actantiel and the conflict between feminist and paternal narrative programs, and the discourse of feminist sociolecte and the masculine’s in terms of connection and separation. The researcher also examined the manifestations of women’s voices in the contemporary Yemeni novel, which are four voices: the voice of the educated woman who rejects the existing situation, the voice of the educated woman who is reconciled with the existing situation, the voice of housewives, and the voice of the oppressed woman. The study concluded with the symbolic dimension of women in the contemporary Yemeni novel, in which they appear to be an objective symbol to the homeland

        The study aimed to measure the impact of Strategic Management in its dimensions namely (Environmental Analysis, Strategy Formulation, Strategy Implementation, and Supervision and Evaluation) to achieve Total Quality Management through its dimensions including (client focus, continuous improvement, employee participation, senior management support, and operations focus) in Yemeni commercial banks operating in the Capital Sana’a.

The study employed both analytical and descriptive curriculum, and using a questionnaire to collect the primary data. The study community consisted of 1,452 individuals, distributed on seven commercial banks, the sample size (304) individuals. The Social Sciences Statistical Package Program (SPSS V.26) processed the data.

According to the study, there is a statistically significant effect (α ≤ 0.05) of strategic management in achieving total quality management at Yemeni banks operating in the capital Sana'a, The dimensions of strategic management including environmental analysis, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and supervision and evaluation affect the achievement of comprehensive quality management in Yemeni commercial banks operating in the capital Sana’a.

The study aimed to reveal the level of application of electronic management in Yemeni universities. The descriptive analytical approach and the questionnaire were used as a tool. It was applied to a stratified random sample of (246) administrative and academic leaders in (6) Yemeni universities. (3) governmental and (3) civil, and the data was processed using the statistical program (SPSS). The study concluded that:

- The level of application of electronic management in Yemeni universities obtained an overall average of (2.62 out of 5), with a score of (medium). There are no statistically significant differences between the averages of the sample’s responses; At the sub-domain level; Depending on the variables of gender (male, female) and years of experience, there are statistically significant differences at the level (α≤0.05) between the averages of the sample responses due to the academic qualification variable in the interviewer; Electronic administration, in favor of the qualification (Master’s), and according to the job title variable in favor of the position (Dean/Deputy Dean), and according to the university type variable (governmental, private), in favor of private universities, and according to the training courses variable in (electronic administration) in favor of the category of 5 courses or less, Based on the results of the study, the researcher presented a set of recommendations in addition to proposals for complementary studies on the subject.

The study aimed to determine the impact of the organizational climate (organizational structure, leadership pattern, communication pattern, working procedures, participation in decision-making, human resources development) on the performance of workers in the Yemeni telecommunications sector. The study also aims to identify the reality of the organizational climate in the Yemeni telecommunications sector, and to identify the reality of the performance of workers in its dimensions in the Yemeni telecommunications sector. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach, and the study population was determined by (475) employees in leadership and supervisory positions in three companies in the Yemeni telecommunications sector that were selected based on the comprehensive inventory method, as the study tool was distributed to all individuals The community, and the researcher retrieved (404) questionnaires with a recovery rate of (85.05%), of which (389) questionnaires are valid for analysis and a rate of (81.89%), and due to the lack of responsiveness of all community items, it can be considered a large random sample representative of the study community, and (389) questionnaires were analyzed using the two programs (SPSS) (Amos) version (26), and the study found that the telecommunications sector has a highly appropriate regulatory climate, and the study also found that there is a high level of performance of workers in the Yemeni telecommunications sector, and the results of the study showed that there is Statistically significant impact of the organizational climate in terms of its dimensions(leadership pattern, communication pattern, working procedures, participation in the decision) on the performance of workers, and there is no statistically significant impact of each of (organizational structure, and human resources development) on the performance of workers in the Yemeni telecommunications sector.

The study aimed at studying and analysing both tracks of negotioations: the military and the humanitarian and the extent of their use in the Yemeni negotioations (2015-2018).

 The study used both methods; the descriptive and analytical method to be analysed by , in addition to the historical and comparative approaches as well to discuss the two hypotheses of the study by listing and analyzing some facts and events of the negotiations, comparing their tracks, and analyzing the uses of the military track and the humanitarian once in the Yemeni negotiations, with the help of some pictures and evidence that took place in the multiple places of negotiation.

The study concluded a number of results: Most notably: the existence of an inverse relationship between the military track and the humanitarian track, and I also concluded that the negotiating parties used these two tracks to achieve political and economic goals. The study recommended expanding the parties participating in the negotiations, and starting to discuss a comprehensive solution to end the crisis in Yemen instead of fragmenting the negotiating files and delving into secondary details. It also recommended activating the popular diplomatic track "the second track" as a partner in the success of the negotiation process.

        The aim of the research was to investigate the impact of a training program using small-sided games and experimental matches on developing the fundamental skills of football players. The research sample consisted of (40) players from Al-Yarmouk Club, randomly selected, with ages under (15). The researchers used an experimental approach, with the program lasting for (12) weeks, consisting of (4) training sessions per week. The researchers found that the training program led to the development of basic skills such as "control, passing, ball dribbling, shooting, and throw-ins." They emphasized the importance of coaches incorporating small-sided games, experimental matches, and focusing on these aspects when designing training programs for football players, especially for the youth category.

The study aimed to determine the level of the impact of strategic vigilance on the quality of health services through in private hospitals in the capital city. The study used the quantitative approach with its descriptive and analytical method and the questionnaire was distributed to a sample consisting of (400) individuals working in the administrative and medical levels and assisting in the private hospitals under study.

The study concluded a number of results, the most important of which are: the level of strategic vigilance and the quality of health services in the private hospitals in the capital city under study came to a high degree, and that there was a statistically significant effect of strategic vigilance on the quality of health services in the private hospitals in the capital city under study.

The study concluded a number of recommendations, the most important of which are:  paying attention to strategic vigilance as it is one of the most important methods in improving the quality of health services and making the administration ready to face any emergency circumstance, enhancing the dissemination of the culture of strategic vigilance and raising awareness of its importance in improving performance by providing a strategy that works to implement vigilance by eliminating it.

        Corruption is a painful phenomenon in all societies, especially the Yemeni society. Everyone is affected by it, which is why the study aimed to analyze corruption in light of economic and social variables. It also sought to uncover the content and implications of the variables and new concepts that have emerged from the reality of the Yemeni society

This research aims to introduce the Imam Nasser to the religion of God, Al-Hasan bin Ali bin Daoud Al-Muaydi (d. 1026 AH), and to explain his treatment of the sciences of the Qur’an in his interpretation of “The Certain Testament, the Interpretation of the Glorious Qur’an Extracted from Clarification and Abstraction,” the importance of this book, and its sources, which is considered one of the sources. The task is in the science of interpretation. The researcher used the historical inductive approach when introducing Imam al-Nasir li Din Allah al-Mu’aydi (d. 1026 AH), as well as when presenting the author’s choices in interpretation and language. One of the most prominent findings reached by the researcher was that the author, Al-Nasir li-Din Allah Al-Mu'aydi, is an interpreter, jurist, and investigator of great knowledge and majestic destiny and has a high position among the interpreting scholars; that he had his own choices in interpretation, and he also had choices in God, and that the book contained material Valuable scientific knowledge in the field of interpretation, Qur’anic sciences, language and its sciences, jurisprudence and its origins

The aim of the research was to explore the credibility of the Qur’anic readings and their interpretation by the Zaidis. With an analytical and comparative approach, I explored the authenticity and frequency of the recitations, the differences in Qur’anic verses, and the influence of the Zaidi scholars on the recitations and care of narrations, as well as the degree of their care for the recitation of Nafi'. The study concluded with various observations. Concerning the validity of the Zaidis' readings and their relevance.

This paper aimed to determine the effect of Total Quality Management (TQM) on improving Organizational Performance (OP) in private hospitals in Yemen. To achieve the objectives of the study, a quantitative approach was used, utilizing both the descriptive and the analytical methods.  The study population consisted of management levels such as Top management, Middle management and First-line management, Medical and Technical from private hospitals in the capital city, Yemen. A stratified random sampling was also taken, including 50% of the number of employees in each position. Questionnaires served as the primary tool for data collection. A total of (444) questionnaires were distributed, and (399) valid questionnaires (89.87%) response rate was collected for analysis. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods within the (SPSS 26v) software, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied using (AMOS 21v). The study concluded that there is a positive effect of TQM on improving organizational performance in private hospitals in Yemen. The paper presented a number of recommendations including the following: Top Management Commitment should pay more attention to improving TQM because of its ability to have an effective positive impact on organization performance levels. In order to maintain modern technology in all administrative, medical, and technical domains of work and to achieve efficient and effective performance, professionals in these fields must get ongoing training. An organization's strong management and medical culture contribute to higher performance levels. In order to improve performance, managers make connections between applying TQM and performance of their organizations.