Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 

The study was carried out to evaluate the protective effects of Ziziphus Spina Christi (ZSC) leaves, fruits and seed extracts to ameliorate the adverse effects of hyperglycemia induced in Albino rats.

Ziziphus Spina Christi seeds, fruit and leaves extracts revealed positive results for carbohydrates, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, and flavonoids. High-fat diet intake has been associated with many pathological alterations in all studied parameters; one of these pathological alterations was hyperglycemia. Treatment of hyperglycemic rats with ZSC leaves, fruits and seeds extracts reduced these pathological alterations. Hyperglycemic rats were treated with ZSC seeds, fruit and leaves ethanolic extracts separately and in combination for 7 weeks. Results showed that the extracts succeeded in reducing the elevated glucose, insulin and HbA1C levels. On the other hand, the extracts improved histological alterations induced by a hyperlipidemic diet.

In today's world, social media has become one of the most accessible sources of news for people worldwide due to its low cost, easy accessibility, and rapid dissemination. However, the harmful effects of fake news on individuals and society have been evident for a long time. Despite the challenges in detecting false information, numerous scholars are working to understand the issue and its characteristics.

 The purpose of this paper is to analyze contemporary frameworks that make use of different machine learning techniques in order to further our understanding of false news identification. The efficiency of these frameworks in recognizing and halting the spread of false information may be compared by examining various methods. A particular technique was used in the review process to provide a thorough and instructive assessment.

Even though a lot of research has been done to identify false news, more can be done in the future. These studies have many limitations such as biased data, adaptability, credibility analysis and the news is only categorized as legitimate or unauthentic by their solutions. Nevertheless, a system of ratings or scores to assess the reliability of news is necessary for a workable approach.

The purpose of this research is to determine the impacts of wastewater effluents on groundwater quality of the northern su­­burbs of Sana’a city. Fourteen duplicate groundwater and wastewater samples were collected from the study area and analyzed. The groundwater samples were analyzed for major elements, and anionic and cationic groups using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The wastewater samples were analyzed for Total Coliform (TC), Fecal Coliform (FC), and oxygen demands. For characterizing the groundwater and wastewater qualities of the study area, analysis results were tabulated, statistically treated, and elements and ionic groups were graphically plotted on diagrams and on the Piper well known diagram. The analysis results had shown that some groundwater samples were chemically and biologically contaminated. Moreover, the effluent wastewater samples had shown that all samples contain greater Fecal Coliform (FC) bacteria count and high ammonia content. In addition, the effluent wastewaters are featured with high COD and BOD, reflecting low quality wastewater effluent for the WWTP. Sludge and wastewaters used by farmers, containing high pathogens and parasites, have created or will create significant environmental and health hazards. Similarly, land resources, infrastructure and groundwater quality of the areas are highly, if not already, jeopardized or polluted. Such findings require further detailed studies for monitoring development of pollution in the area. 

Freshwater bodies in dams play an important role in providing local communities with several needs. Its aquatic ecosystems may help them in improving their socio-economic life, including aquaculture operations. Analyzing the water quality is an essential criterion for protecting aquatic ecosystems. The present study has investigated the water quality of chosen two tanks (i.e. Kamaran & Mesaibeeh water tanks, Sana'a Governorate, Yemen) in order to ensure their suitability to be used as a fish culture. Water sampling was conducted at monthly intervals between April 2013 and March 2014, and analyzed for the most important physio-chemical parameters in order to check their quality. The results of water's physio-chemical of the two studied sites in the present investigation have shown suitable water quality conditions for fish culture with regards to temperature, DO, pH, and TDS. Essential nutrients, for aquatic organism's growth (nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate), have been found at acceptable values in the two studied sites. The present study has shown a very good possibility for freshwater tanks to be used in aquaculture activities that may play an important role in providing a new source of aquatic food in the studied area and improving the socio-economic condition of the surrounding communities as well.

This paper aims to make a valuable contribution to the field of neutrosophic determinants and their properties. By utilizing neutrosophic real numbers in the form of a+bI, we provide an alternative approach to recent research on determinants conducted between 2020 and 2023. Our goal is to expand the scope of academic content being developed in the theory of neutrosophic linear algebra. Additionally, we seek to complement our work on some algebraic structures of neutrosophic matrices.

To create fresh transition metal complexes of chloroquine and ketoprofen, we combined Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II). Metal analysis, IR, UV-vis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum analyzes of the complexes were utilized to characterize them. The octahedral geometry was proposed for all compounds on the basis of the UV-vis and magnetic susceptibility data. The practical size of the ligands and complexes with crystallinity structure was in the nano range according to the XRD data. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the ligands and their metal complexes have been examined.

Basin study of 1D-backstrripping analysis was performed on the sediments in in the four exploration wells (Bayoot S1,  Bayoot Sw3,      Sharyoof 2, and Sharyoof 9) from Block-53, Masilla Basin. 1D backstripping analysis resulted in many curves of the subsidence of the basement during the deposition of the stratigraphic units. The 1D basin models show that the Masilla basin exhibited a complex subsidence history over a period of about 155 Ma and includes three stages of subsidence. The first stage was occurred at 132-155 Ma and shows high subsidence rate about 6.2 cm per1000 years) and deposition rate about 6.13 cm per 1000 years in the southwest part of Block-53. This stage formed as a result of thinning in the curst during the lithospheric extension.  The second stage of subsidence was occurred at 66-128Ma and shows decrease the subsidence rates in the range of 1.99- 1.11 cm/1000 years and deposition rates between 1.19 and 0.69 cm/1000 years during the post-rift deposits, which is represented by Qishn Clastic and Carbonate formations (.At the third stage,  the subsidence and deposition rates are high in the southwest of block-53 and found to be about 9.3 cm/1000 years and 9.2 cm/1000 years, respectively . The rapid in the subsidence rates during this stage is primary related to the cooling of lithosphere and loading of the sediments

Moringa oleifera is a versatile tree with nutritional, medicinal and environmental benefits making it a valuable resource for communities in many regions of the world. This study aimed to extracted oil from Yemeni Moringa oleifera seeds oil (YMOSO) using two methods (cold pressing and  seoxhlet  n-hexane). The yields of the oils were 16.12% and 28.34, % respectively. The yields of the oils were 16.12% % and 28.34% respectively. Where it was investigate the chemical and physical characteristics by two method cold press and  soxhlet  n-hexane showed  of Yemeni Moringa oleifera seeds oil (YMOSO), including a free fatty acid (FFA) content of 1.12 % and 2.98 %, an acid value of 5.99±0.5 mg/g and 6.52±0.5 mg/g, an iodine value of 67.68±0.1 mg/g and 67.43±0.1 mg/g, a saponification value of 189.51±0.1 mg/g and 188.49±0.1 mg/g, a refractive index of 1.46±0.01 and 1.47±0.01 at 25 °,C a moisture content of 0.24±0.03% and 0.36±0.03%, a density of 0.90±0.05 g/ml  and 0.89±0.05 g/ml at 25 °C, a specific gravity of 0.968±0.03 g/ml and 0.956±0.03 g/ml at 25 °C, and a viscosity of 48 and 47 cP at 25 °C respectively. the chemical components of the oil were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GS-MS).

Khat chewing has spread widely among women in Yemeni society. This modifiable lifestyle may increase the level of inflammatory markers and advanced glycation end productions (AGE, s). Limited data are available. There is limited data on the impact of khat chewing on inflammatory markers and AGE, s. Therefore, this project aimed to study the effect of khat chewing on inflammatory markers and AGE, s in Yemeni females. One hundred and eighty Yemeni females signed the consent form and donated blood 60 of them were non-khat chewers (control group), and 120 were daily khat chewers. The levels of high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin were higher in khat chewers than in non-Khat chewers. There were no differences in total white blood cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes between khat chewer and non-Khat chewer females. The levels of (AGEs) were similar between khat chewers and non-khat chewers females (P=0.612). Analysis of covariantcet (ANCOVA) showed that khat chewing increased hs-CRP and interleukin-6 levels among khat chewers (p < 0.005; p < 0.034) compared to non-khat chewer. In conclusion, khat chewing increased hs-CRP, a cardiovascular risk prediction factor, and interleukin-6, which is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, women with continuous khat chewing are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and T2DM.

Phytophthora infestans is a pathogen that causes late blight in crops, such as potatoes and tomatoes, posing a serious threat to the Solanaceae family. Researchers have attempted to create an affordable and effective medium for isolating and cultivating this pathogen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of low-cost V-8 agar for mycelial growth, sporangia production, and oospore production of P. infestans and compare it with Rye A medium. To achieve this, V-8 medium was modified by replacing V-8 juice with tomato. Mycelial growth and sporulation were measured on both media after 14 days of inoculation. It was observed as a white, fluffy growth in both media. The mean radial growth was larger on the low-cost V-8 medium (76 mm) than on Rye A medium (4.4 mm). The lemon-shaped sporangia with a semipapilated structure were recorded with an average length-to-width ratio of 28.6 μm to 30.6 μm, respectively. Oospore production was greater in the low-cost V-8 medium (5x10⁴) than in Rye A medium (1x10⁴). The present study demonstrated that low-cost, locally available materials such as tomato can be used as an alternative nutrient medium for the growth of P. infestans.