The Biological Production of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by a Combination Culture of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. and Assessment of their Bioactivity

Abstract

This research outlines the production of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) through the use of a combined culture of Lactobacillus sp. And Bacillus sp. The study evaluated the antibacterial performance of the TiO2 NPs against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant to multiple drugs. Characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to analyze the TiO2 NPs. The results indicate that the biosynthetic process leveraging a bacterial consortium is superior in both speed and efficiency to methods using a single type of bacteria. The XRD analysis substantiated the biological origin of the TiO2 NPs, while FTIR spectroscopy suggested the existence of a protein layer enveloping the nanoparticles, potentially facilitating their synthesis and enhancing their stability. TEM imaging showed that the nanoparticles were spherical in shape with sizes ranging from 5.31 to 19.5 nm. Notably, the biologically synthesized TiO2 NPs exhibited more potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus than against P. aeruginosa.