Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology | Sana'a University Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology

The Proposed Model for Fog Computing Adoption by Higher Education

Fog Computing Adoption for Higher Education Institutions: A Perspective of Multi-Analytical Structural Equation Modeling and Artificial Neural Networks

Ammar Thabit Zahary, Baker Ali Alzenni

777-794

2025-06-30

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DOI: 10.59628/jast.v3i3.1558

Abstract

Fog computing is employed in widespread sectors; fog computing in higher education will probably enhance the operations of higher education institutions. However, the adoption of fog computing in this context is still in its early stages, and research in this area is limited. So, there appears to be a deficiency in the adoption of fog computing to enhance higher education institutions’ operations. The current paper implements a quantitative methodology the data was gathered through a questionnaire, where 103 surveys were collected from academic and information technology staff at nine universities in Sana’a, Yemen. This study aims to build a conceptual framework to identify factors that affect in adoption of fog technology by higher education institutes and investigate them. where the current study utilizes the Technological, Organizational, and Environmental (TOE) framework as a basis for analysis. Nine factors have been tested in this study, where the factors relative advantage, Compatibility, Security, privacy, Technology Readiness, TOP management, Regulatory Policy, Competitive Pressure, and Socio Culture have a positive effect. The proposed framework was empirically validated using multi-analytical structural equation modelling and artificial neural network (SEM-ANN) method. We identify the relative advantage of the first ranking (100%), Socio-Culture (67%), security (55%), compatibility (49%), privacy (45%), competitive pressure, and technology readiness are in the same ranking, with a score of 31%. Finally, the government regulation and top management support have (23%) and (29%), respectively, as the significant factors that affect in adoption of fog computing by higher education institutes.

Keywords

Fog Computing Adoption Higher Education Institutions TOE Framework SEM ANN

Type of children patients with acute leukemia ALL or AML

The Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus among Children Patients with Acute Leukemia Undergoing Chemotherapy in Sana’a City-Yemen

Hanan Ahmed Ahmed Saad Al-jubani, Salwa H. Alkhyat

795-799

2025-06-30

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DOI: 10.59628/jast.v3i3.1589

Salicylic Acid Alleviates Moderate Salinity-Induced Stress in Petroselinum crispum (Mill.), within Reduced Effectiveness under Prolonged High Salinity Conditions

Isam Al-madhagi, Emtiyaaz AL-Maqtary , Khalid AL-Mureish

800-818

2025-06-30

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DOI: 10.59628/jast.v3i3.1651

Abstract

This study elucidates the role of salicylic acid (SA) in modulating salinity stress responses in parsley through a controlled RCBD experiment at Taiz University. Plants exposed to incremental NaCl concentrations (0–200 mM) either alone or in combination with three SA concentrations (0, 0.1, and 0.5 mM) exhibited dose-dependent growth inhibition. With 200 mM NaCl, reduced shoot length by 42% and dry matter by 35%, while concurrently suppressing protein content (28%) and catalase activity (40%) but elevating proline accumulation (69%). SA application (0.1 mM) significantly alleviated moderate stress (100 mM NaCl), restoring physiological parameters and enhancing antioxidant defenses, notably increasing catalase activity by 30–35% and reducing proline by 25–30%. Intriguingly, SA’s efficacy was temporally constrained, with optimal protection at 15 days that diminished under prolonged exposure. Biochemical profiling revealed a stress-threshold response: ascorbate peroxidase activity remained stable at ≤ 150 mM NaCl but increased 20–25% at 50–100 mM NaCl with 0.5 mM SA. Critically, high SA (0.5 mM) synergized with extreme salinity (200 mM NaCl) to induce complete mortality, demonstrating a concentration-dependent phytotoxic shift. These findings establish 0.1 mM SA and 100 mM NaCl as critical thresholds for stress mitigation.

Keywords

Antioxidant Osmatic stress Parsley Salicylic acid Salinity

Ampelographic Characterization of the A’asmi Cultivar of Yemeni Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

Taiseer M. Al-Sanhani, Hasan A. Aldobai

819-847

2025-06-30

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DOI: 10.59628/jast.v3i3.1628

Abstract

The study was conducted to characterize the morphological traits of A’asmi Cultivar of Yemeni grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in the Bani Hashish district during the 2021 and 2022 seasons, based on OIV, UPOV, and IPGRI standards. The aim was to establish a database documenting the morphological characteristics and certain chemical properties of the Cultivar, to support breeding programs, preserve genetic diversity, and enhance agricultural productivity amid environmental challenges. The study involved 10 fruiting vines from a farm in the village of Bayt al-Nukhif, Wadi al-Sir, where 105 traits were measured, encompassing young and mature shoots, leaves, flowers, clusters, berries, and seeds, in addition to the evaluation of selected chemical properties such as soluble sugars, acidity, pH, and vitamin C using standardized methodologies. The results revealed a notable coherence in the morphological traits of the Cultivar. The young shoot was characterized by an open and fully developed apex before the node, indicating vigorous vegetative growth and an ability to adapt to warm seasons, while a weak expression of anthocyanins on the pubescence suggested a potential genetic limitation in expressing this pigment and its effect on the plant’s response to environmental stresses. The mature shoot exhibited a nearly vertical growth pattern with a balanced color distribution on its sides and a reduced pubescence density, which may improve ventilation and reduce the risk of fungal diseases. The leaves maintained stability in terms of shape, size, and number of lobes, with a balanced pigment distribution that reflects an equilibrium between genetic and environmental factors to enhance photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient transport. At the cluster and berry level, productive traits were manifested through a loose distribution of berries and a long conical shape, along with an increase in berry number and stability in dimensional ratios and weight. The seeds showed dimensional stability with variations in biomass accumulation, reflecting the influence of environmental factors. Furthermore, the hermaphroditic floral structure contributed to both self- and cross-pollination, thereby enhancing genetic diversity. Overall, the study comprehensively documented and evaluated the morphological and chemical performance of the A’asmi Cultivar under changing environmental conditions.

Keywords

Grapes Yemeni grape Ampelography A’asmi cultivar Genetic diversity

The Neutrosophic Cosets and Neutrosophic Normal Subgroups of Neutrosophic Groups Associated With Gt1 [I]

Adel Mohammed Al-Odhari

848- 860

2025-06-30

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DOI: 10.59628/jast.v3i3.1666

Morphology of Pulicaria jaubertii callus produced on MS medium.

Phytochemical Screening of Ethanol and n-hexane Extracts of the Plant Parts and Callus of Pulicaria jaubertii

Fathia M. N. Salam, Fatima A. Alhadi, Ebraheem A. A. Al-Nawd, Enas J. Al-Sanabany, Esam M. Aqlan

861-867

2025-06-30

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DOI: 10.59628/jast.v3i3.1585

Abstract

Pulicaria jaubertii is a spicing and medicinal plant belonging to the family Asteraceae. Studies found that this plant contains various important phytochemicals. However, these studies have not covered the identification of these compounds found in its callus produced by in vitro micropropagation. This study screens and compares, for the first time, the phytochemicals found in the ethanol and n-Hexane extracts of this plant's parts and callus. Native plant parts were collected and washed. Some of them were cultured on MS medium to produce callus, and the others were dried. Each sample was then powdered and extracted by ethanol and n-Hexane solvents and screened for the presence of some biologically important phytochemicals. Screening tests in the ethanol extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, carbonyls, phenols/tannins, phlobatanin, terpenoids, and steroids in the callus and most of the plant parts. n-Hexane extracts revealed the presence of fewer phytochemical groups in the callus and plant parts. In conclusion, ethanol and n-Hexane extracts of plant parts and callus of P. jaubertii contain several bioactive metabolites. Interestingly, callus extracts revealed some compounds that are not found in certain plant parts. Further studies, including extraction by other solvents, using more advanced separation techniques are recommended.

Keywords

Pulicaria jaubertii Phytochemicals Callus Ethanol extract n-hexane extrac

Plant Extracts Are a Promising Solution to Alleviate Salinity Stress at the Chili Pepper Germination Stage

Elham Arraf, Isam Al-madhagi, Hemiar Haissam

868- 884

2025-06-30

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DOI: 10.59628/jast.v3i3.1663

Abstract

Salinity is one of the most pervasive abiotic stressors limiting global agricultural productivity, particularly by impairing seed germination in sensitive species, such as chili peppers (Capsicum spp.). This study rigorously evaluated the potential of nature-derived biostimulants to alleviate salinityinduced germination inhibition in three agronomically important Yemeni chili pepper genotypes: Haimi (H), Hajjah (J), and Jawfi3 (V3). Aqueous extracts from red beetroot, prickly pear fruit, carrot roots, and moringa leaves and flowers were subjected to an optimized 18-hour seed priming protocol. The seeds were germinated at three salinity levels (0, 150, and 250 mM NaCl) in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed a striking mitigation of salinity stress at 150 mM NaCl by all plant extracts, with substantial protective effects observed at the extreme 250 mM NaCl concentration. Notably, beetroot extract emerged as the most potent biostimulant, consistently delivering the highest Extract Stimulation Index (ESI%) across all germination parameters including germination percentage (GrP%), mean germination time (MGT), germination speed (GSC), and radicle length. Its performance was robust across all genotypes and salinity levels, thereby highlighting its broad-spectrum efficacy.
These findings provide the first empirical evidence that cost-effective natural extracts, particularly from red beetroot and prickly pear fruit, can match or surpass synthetic priming agents in enhancing seed germination under saline conditions.

Keywords

Chili Germination Plant Salinity

Intensity distribution of the left–handed CPLGV beam |Et|2 (A) and the corresponding components |Ex|2 (B), |Ey|2 (C), and |Ez|2 (D) in ρ − z plane with phase and intensity of |Ez|2 at z = −5λ, 0, 5λ in x−y.

Enhanced Focus Shaping of Circularly Polarized Laguerre–Gaussian Vortex Beams Using a Binary Axicon

Hassan T. Al-Ahsab, Mingjian Cheng, Ibrahim G. H. Loqman, Shukri Kaid, Abdu A. Alkelly

885- 890

2025-06-30

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DOI: 10.59628/jast.v3i3.1761

A systematic review of the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken populations within Middle East and North Africa (2014–2025)

Mohammed N. Q. Al-Bana, Saeed M. S. Al-Ghalibi, Qais Y. M. Abdullah, Saad Al-Arnoot, Assem Al-Thobhani, Basim Al-Akhali

891-897

2025-06-30

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DOI: 10.59628/jast.v3i3.1672

Abstract

Campylobacter jejuni is a leading bacterial agent of foodborne illnesses worldwide, with poultry serving as its
primary reservoir. This systematic review aimed to document and compare the prevalence of C. jejuni in chickens across countries in the MENA region from 2014 to early 2025. A structured search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases was conducted to identify peer-reviewed studies that reported prevalence data. Twenty-eight studies from 13 MENA countries met the inclusion criteria, covering a range of sample types and diagnostic methods, including culture and PCR. The reported prevalence varies widely, from as low as 6% to over 80%, largely influenced by sampling methods, biosecurity practices, and environmental conditions. Algeria and Iran are among the countries with the highest reported prevalence rates. A meta-analysis was not feasible owing to methodological heterogeneity. Therefore, the findings were synthesized descriptively. The results emphasize significant gaps in poultry hygiene practices and surveillance infrastructure, which may contribute to the ongoing public health burden of C. jejuni in the region. Additionally, this review highlights emerging antimicrobial resistance trends associated with poultry farming. These findings underscore the urgency of coordinated regional efforts to enhance epidemiological monitoring and implement evidence-based poultry safety measures.

Keywords

Campylobacter jejuni, Prevalence Middle East Poultry Food safety

The modified CNN model in the EA3C worker

Enhanced Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (EA3C) Algorithm for Intrusion Detection in IIoT Environment

Abdulssalm M Khako, Sharaf A Alhomdy

898-914

2025-06-30

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DOI: 10.59628/jast.v3i3.1681

Abstract

Intrusion detection is crucial for securing Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) networks, especially within edge computing environments. Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) struggle with the complexity and dynamic nature of IIoT networks, where increasing intrusion classes make classification tasks more challenging. While the Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C) algorithm has shown promise in reinforcement learning-based IDSs, previous A3C implementations suffer from slow convergence, high variance, unstable gradient updates, and inefficient parameter synchronization. These issues limit their ability to accurately classify diverse attack patterns, particularly underrepresented intrusion types. To address these challenges, this research introduces an Enhanced A3C (EA3C) using an enhanced convolutional neural network (CNN) structure to significantly improve feature representation compared to traditional fully connected networks from the dataset before passing them to the policy and value networks. Additionally, gradient clipping will be applied to prevent exploding gradients, and bootstrapping-based reward handling will be used to enhance policy and value estimation for better long-term learning and improved intrusion detection performance. The proposed approach is evaluated using the X-IIoTID dataset, which is a comprehensive benchmark that is effective in detecting a wide range of cyber threats in IIoT environments. Experimental results indicate that the EA3C algorithm significantly outperforms Decision Tree (DT), Adversarial Environment Reinforcement Learning (AERL), Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN), and traditional A3C algorithms, particularly in identifying underrepresented attack classes. The results of EA3C show that its weighted Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-score exceeded 0.98, making it suitable for practical use with the increasing number of labeled classes of cyber-attacks. Although these results are promising, this algorithm needs further improvement, especially for attacks with very small samples or attacks that occur for the first time, such as zero-day attacks.

Keywords

A3C DRL IDS IIoT X-IIoTID

Collecting blood samples from the orbital sinus

Effect of Tallow and Olive Oil on Some Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Healthy Male Albino Rats

Arwa A. Al-Subari, Bushra Y. AL-Khatib, Abdul Haleem S. Al-Tamimi, Ateeq M. Al-Arami

915-921

2025-06-30

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DOI: 10.59628/jast.v3i3.1786

Abstract

Fats, a broad term for fats and oils, are sourced from either plants or animals. They function as energy storage and are crucial in various biological processes. This study aimed to examine the effects of tallow and olive oil on certain hematological and biochemical parameters in healthy albino rats. Twenty-eight male albino rats were divided into four groups, each containing seven animals. Groups given different treatments orally: Distilled water (control group), sheep tallow (Sh-T group), bovine tallow (B-T group), and olive oil (OO group). At the end of the third month, blood samples were collected from the fasting rats for hematological and biochemical analysis. Our results show that the oral administration of Sh-T, B-T, and OO did not cause significant changes in body weight (BW), food intake (FI) and level of serum of fibrinogen (FIB), albumin (ALB), C-reactive protein (CRP), or blood cell counts, including white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), when compared to the control group. However, total protein levels in the Sh-T and B-T groups, as well as globulin levels in the Sh-T and OO groups, showed significant increases, whereas the OO and B-T groups demonstrated a significant decrease in monocyte and eosinophil counts compared to the control group. It can be concluded that neither sheep nor bovine tallow nor olive oil negatively affects body weight or serum liver proteins, nor do they induce substantial hematological alterations

Keywords

Tallow Olive Oil Albino Rats C-reactive protein Fibrinogen Sheep Bovine

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