Sana'a University Journal of Human Sciences

     The current study aimed to investigating the effect of a guided project based learning activities on mathematics students' achievement in Statistics at the Faculty of Education - Sana'a University and to investigating the effect of the project on students' performance according to their previous achievement level (high, medium, low). To achieve the objective of the study, students of the second level of mathematics were selected in the Faculty of Education _ Sana'a University as simple, They were (30) male and female students. To collect  data, an achievement test was designed and applied to the study simple. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the average results of the study sample members and the hypothetical average (18.91) in favor of the study sample students. The results also showed a statistically significant difference between the students’ achievement according to their previous achievement in favor of High level students. Therefore, the study recommends the importance of using guide project base learning activities in teaching statistics to increase academic achievement.

The research aims to develop a training program to improve kindergarten female teachers' performance and assess the impact of this program on kindergarten children's development of listening skills in Yemen. The researcher developed the training program, designed a note card for the performance of kindergarten female teachers, and tested the listening skills of kindergarten children to achieve the research objectives. They were given to validators specializing in the Arabic language curricula and kindergartens to ensure their validity and reliability. The research sample consisted of 25 female teachers and 126 kindergarten children from public schools in the Capital Secretariat (Sana'a) for the school year 2021–2022. The descriptive and experimental approaches were used in the same group.

The findings revealed statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group at the significance level (0.05), both in observing the performance of kindergarten female teachers and in the listening skills test of kindergarten children in favor of the post-application. These differences are due to the impact of the training program on the performance of kindergarten female teachers and the development of kindergarten children's listening skills.

The researcher recommended that training programs should be built to provide kindergarten and first-grade female teachers with the required language skills as well as to develop their students' listening skills. Such training programs will significantly raise their educational level in the future.

The aim of the study was to reveal the effectiveness of procedural research in the development of life skills in the light of the 21st century skills of geography teachers at the secondary School of the Republic of Yemen, The Researcher used the semi-experimental Method of single-group designed pre and latter applications, The a sample was selected in the intended way was consisted of (24) teachers, including (10) male, and (14) female of geography at the secondary schools of Mahwit city the tool of a life skills scale was consisted of four main areas (Self-management - time management - goal management - self-directed learning). The results of the study found there are statistically significant differences between investigators' average scores in the pre and latter application of the life skills scale as a whole and by each skill in favour of latter application, and that procedural research had a significant impact on life skills development.

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of using the simulation strategy in developing Arabic calligraphy skills among the eighth grade students of the basic education stage in Amanat Al-Asimah. The tools were given to specialized arbitrators to judge their validity. The study sample consisted of (100) male eighth-grade students, and they were equally distributed into two groups (experimental and control), chosen randomly from (Zayd bin Haritha) school, and the study was applied in The second semester of the academic year (2021 - 2022 AD), The results of the study showed that there was a significant statistical difference at the significance level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group in the pre and post applications to test Arabic calligraphy skills in favor of the post test, due to the effectiveness of the power point in teaching Arabic calligraphy skills.

The aim of the research is to know “Effectiveness of an educational program based on Robinson's Strategy t0 Develop functional Expression skills f0r first- Grade Secondary Students at Sana'a City.” To achieve this goal, the researcher used the experimental method in order to find out the effectiveness of the program, the sample composed of (140) male and female students from the first year of secondary school in Sana'a City, they were chosen in an intentional way, and the sample was divided into two experimental groups, one male and the other female, who learned the educational program by employing Robinson's strategy, and two control groups, one male and the other female, who learned the ordinary way The research tools were represented in the list of functional expression skills, and the functional expression skills test. The study led to some results including there is a statistically significant difference at the level (α ≤ 0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students and the average scores of the control group students in the post test for functional expression skills” and in favor of the experimental group, and there was a statistically significant difference at the level (α ≤ 0.05) between the mean scores of males and females for the experimental group in the post test of functional expression skills, and in favor of females.

 The paper aimed to diagnose internal and external obstacles to the implementation of the national strategy for the development of general secondary education in the Republic of Yemen, and to achieve this, the paper used the descriptive inductive approach, as it depended on local scientific sources and studies, reports and documents issued by the relevant authorities as a tool to collect the required data and information, and the paper  has reached to many results, including:

• There are many internal obstacles that hindered the implementation of the national strategy for the development of general secondary education and the number (75 ) in all areas specified in the paper.

There are many external obstacles that hindered the implementation of the national strategy for the development of general secondary education and the number (26 ) in all areas specified in the paper

The objective of the research is to identify the realities and challenges of developing programmes for the preparation and qualification of teachers of the first cycle of basic education in the Republic of Yemen through the use of the methodology of analytical desk research based on the analysis of documents, reports, studies, models and literature related to the subject. A number of results have been reached, including: The program is located in 19 Yemeni governorates. There are ongoing government efforts to develop the program. There are many challenges facing the program, including academic aspects, curricula, preparation and qualification of teachers. The results of the research emphasize the need to develop programmes to prepare and qualify teachers for the first cycle of basic education in the Republic of Yemen.

This research deals with (phonetic vowels in Arabic grammar) and includes: the vowels of proximity, occasion, transfer, following and narration, which are vowels necessitated by the phonetic occasion, and not a declension or structure ones, and it aims to achieve proportionality and harmony between the parts of speech, and the research was based on a descriptive analytical approach, pinpointing Phonemic vowels, tracing and analyzing their evidence, and trying to explain them in the light of phonemic proportionality and the data of modern linguistics.

The research includes the definition of the Al-Fadhel Al-Yemeni, his upbringing, his life, his quest for knowledge, his status, his sheikhs, his writings, his students, his journey and his movement in countries to seek knowledge. The research used the descriptive and inductive approach to collect what related to his life.

Then, the researcher presented an example of investigation for Surat Al-Anfal in full, to show the method of investigation that it followed in achieving the note in terms of comparing copies and proving differences and falls, and what is related to the investigation of attribution, graduation, to hadiths, attribution of sayings, analysis of opinions, and attribution of evidence and texts to their sources. The researcher concluded from this that Al-Fadhel Al-Yemeni is not only a carrier, but also combined the transfer of applicants with his editings, opinions, preferences, objections, and scientific echoes. The note of Al-Fadhel Al-Yemeni virtuous for the notes of the scout, the most accurate, the most prolific, knowledge, and editing.

The researcher also concluded the research by recommending the reflections of Al-Fadhel Al-Yemeni virtuous Ali Al-Zamakhshari in his note Durar Al-Sdaf and studying them in depth.

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the role that information systems play with their requirements in building smart organizations from the viewpoint of employees of the Customs Authority’s General Bureau.

In order to achieve the objectives of the study, test its hypotheses and arrive at the results: the descriptive and analytical approach was used, where the study community consisted of 950 employees of the General Bureau of the Authority, and the questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data where the size of the study sample reached (274) individuals and performing statistical treatments on them by a number of appropriate statistical methods within the SPSS program.

The study reached a number of results, perhaps the most prominent of which is: The existence of a direct, statistically significant relationship between information systems and the building of smart organizations, as the information systems contributed to the creation of organized intelligence in the Customs Authority with a moderate rate, while the Customs Authority suffers from the lack of some of the information systems requirements necessary to enhance the building of the smart interest Where the dimension of the regulatory requirements was the least available and low-grade information systems, and the Customs Authority suffers from the limited availability of the dimensions of smart organizations such as electronic management and the achievement of goals at a low level.

The study presented a number of recommendations, perhaps the most important of which are: The need to activate the role of electronic management in providing its services; Because of its great importance in saving time, money and effort, and the interest in supporting creative ideas and promoting a continuous learning strategy; To achieve the goals that, in turn, will affect its transformation from the traditional interest to the smart interest.

The study followed the method of analysis from the second level (Meta - Research Analysis). It was applied on a sample of research and studies published during the period (1989-2021). The study sample included (36) studies.

        The study reached several findings, the most important of which are:
First, the prevalence of negative connotations about the term public relations. Second, the poor appreciation of the general public and practitioners of public relations functions and the role they practice. In addition, there is a failure in the part of curricula to provide students with the skills required to practice their specialty effectively. Finally, the students have a negative view about the profession of public relations; besides, they lack confidence in the professional future of their field of specialization.

The study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of a proposed program based on multiple intelligences in developing literary text skills for outstanding first year secondary students in Sana'a, the experimental approach was used based on the design of the experimental and control groups, As well as the design of an achievement test in the field of literary text skills, prepared by the researcher, and the tools were applied to a sample of students from Gamal Abdel Nasser School for Outstanding Students, which were chosen in an intentional manner, where two divisions were chosen from the first secondary grade students out of (6) divisions that were chosen randomly. The number of students, the research sample, was (60) students for the experimental and control groups, in the field of text testing, for the academic year 2021-2022 AD; In order to measure the effectiveness of the program based on multiple intelligences in developing literary text skills,The study reached several results, including: there were statistically significant differences at the level of .05 between the mean scores of the control and experimental groups in the test   

This study addresses the search for the reason why not washing the martyr battle, and why al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī and Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab disagreed with the majority of Islamic jurists; they said the martyr battle to be washed. In order for the researcher to answer these two questions and others, after studying the definition of death and its causes, and the general position of Islamic jurisprudence regarding dealing with the dead body, he is having extrapolated the definition of martyrdom among linguists and jurists, studying the history of washing the martyr, beginning with the Prophet’s era, and the battles that took place in it; leading to the martyrdom of the Companions, and through what happened in the days of The Four Righteous Caliphs, during which wars and assassinations took place, as well as in the era of the Followers, and ending with the era of the emergence of Islamic madhāhib, that is, the researcher addresses the problem through the  roles of the four main schools of Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence).

The researcher tries to read the texts and what is behind the texts, and, to the extent possible, tries to finalize the whole picture of the issue of washing the martyr. The researcher believes that he answered several questions, and came out with results that may remove the confusion in this issue, as well as the inconsistency and ambiguity among certain prophetic sayings and facts.

One of the most important results , in this study is: Washing the martyr is obligatory, because it is a principal. If water is available, then the martyr should be washed. And washing is impossible, due to the lack of water, the state of war or other impediments, then the wash becomes invalidated.

The research aimed to recognize the effectiveness of the constructivist learning strategy in developing the grammatical skills of secondary school students in the capital, Sana'a, based on the descriptive approach, the experimental approach, and the design of the experimental and control groups in the previous and subsequent measurements. To achieve the objectives of the research, a list of grammatical skills was prepared from the second part of the book (Grammar and Morphology) for first grade secondary students in the second semester of the academic year 2021-2022 AD. The research was limited to an intended sample of high school students from two government schools for students in the capital, Sana'a, consisting of (60) students, divided equally into two groups: an experimental group that studied grammatical skills using the constructivist learning strategy, and a control group that studied the same skills in the traditional way. The research reached the preparation of a list of grammatical skills targeted for development among first grade secondary students, which consisted of (31) behavioral objectives, distributed over the five skills (understanding, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation). The study reached several results, the most important of which is the presence of statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the averages of the experimental group and the averages of the control group in the post application of the grammatical skills test in favor of the experimental group. This difference is attributed to the constructivist learning strategy, where the effect size was (0.880). The research recommended several recommendations, the most important of which is that the Arabic language teacher should make use of the constructivist learning strategy in teaching grammatical skills to first grade secondary students.

The research suggested some complementary studies, the most important of which is conducting a similar broad study on the first secondary grade that includes new variables such as: gender, educational region (or governorate), previous level of achievement, years of experience for the teacher, the teacher. Qualification, the tendency to learn grammar.

The research aims to monitor the various natural disasters that Yemen experienced during the era of the Rasulid state from the year 626-858 AH, such as drought, heavy rains, torrential rains, hail, fires, locusts, and some deadly diseases and epidemics such as plague and others, and the effects that they caused in the economic and social aspects in particular, trying as much as possible An analysis of the causes that led to these disasters, and the damages that resulted from them at the human, animal and plant levels, and the areas in which they spread, in addition to the measures that the state took to confront them.