Sana'a University Journal of Human Sciences

This study seeks to elucidate the significant role of the Martyr Leader in fostering awareness regarding the critical importance of economic boycotts. It posits that the economic boycott serves as a foundational element of the Martyr Leader's strategic framework, emphasizing the research's relevance to the economic dimension, which is integral to the vitality of the state.

The research employs both descriptive and inductive methodologies. The initial section is dedicated to defining key terminologies, while the subsequent section focuses on the objectives of economic boycotts and the Martyr Leader's contributions to raising awareness of their significance.

The findings of this research underscore several key conclusions: Firstly, economic boycotts are instrumental in bolstering self-reliance, enhancing the national economy, and developing productive capacities. Secondly, achieving self-sufficiency is viewed as an embodiment of faith in the face of adversaries of Islam, equipping Muslims with the necessary strength to confront their foes. Furthermore, economic boycotts are recognized as a potent tool for Arabs and Muslims, capable of compelling their adversaries to capitulate. Lastly, the concept of economic boycott is rooted in Quranic principles and serves as an effective and influential mechanism for establishing parity, particularly in response to comprehensive assaults by those who oppose Islam.

This study investigates the current state of strategic agility and organizational sustainability in Yemeni private universities. It further explores the influence of strategic agility on achieving organizational sustainability within these institutions. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach and utilizing a questionnaire to gather data, the study reveals several key findings. Firstly, both strategic agility and organizational sustainability exist at a moderate level within Yemeni universities. Finally, the research highlights a significant positive impact of organizational agility dimensions on achieving organizational sustainability in Yemeni private universities.

    This research aims at finding the impact of applying the principles of total quality (top management commitment to quality, focus on customers and beneficiaries, employee participation, continuous improvement and development, focus on processes) in the strategic performance of Yemen Mobile Company. It aims also at finding the level of applying the principles of total quality and finding the level of strategic performance. The descriptive analytical approach was used. The questionnaire was used. The study population consists of all employees of Yemen mobile, (543) employees, under the job titles) chairman of the board of directors, CEO, the assistant of the CEO, Managers, supervisors, and specialists). The sample was selected using a random stratified sampling method, with a sample size of (225) employees. The study reaches several conclusions, the most important of which are: There is a statistically significant impact of the principles of total quality management on the strategic performance of Yemen Mobile. The level of strategic performance in Yemen Mobile Company has obtained a high degree. The study suggests several recommendations, the most important of which are: Yemen Mobile Company needs to pay more attention to apply the principles of total quality in the company in all its activities and functions, as they are the major factors in improving strategic performance. The company's management should continue to enhance the company competitive position by providing high quality services that meet the needs of all segments of society with competitive prices.

This research investigates linguistic phenomena in the dialect of Mabyan District, Hajjah Governorate, Yemen. The study aims to extract the most important linguistic features of this dialect, understand the meanings and origins of its vocabulary, facilitate comprehension for interested individuals, and provide a linguistic study of Mabyan dialect for future researchers. The researcher's affiliation with Mabyan district and the lack of previous studies on its dialect were the main motivations for this research. In addition, the presence of unique linguistic phenomena in this dialect is worthy of study to uncover their meanings and secrets.

The research community was represented by listening to native speakers and relying on the researcher's own knowledge of the dialect, as well as consulting Arabic dictionaries for clarification. An inductive approach was adopted to collect the phenomena, while a descriptive-analytical approach was employed for analysis. The study was divided into two main sections: linguistic levels and vocabulary in Mabyan dialect. The linguistic levels section explored phonological, morphological, and syntactic features. The vocabulary section delved into terms related to agriculture, household, weather, and markets.

The research yielded several findings, including the significant role of phonological differences in dialect variation, the presence of Classical Arabic features in Mabyan dialect such as assimilation, metathesis, and vowel harmony, and the existence of unique features not found in Classical Arabic, such as words beginning and ending with consonants. The dialect also exhibits similarities with other Yemeni dialects and uses a single relative pronoun, "li".

This research aims to study the etymology of words for 'walking' and 'speed' in Yemeni dialects, using a descriptive-analytical methodology. The research is divided into an introduction and three main sections. The introduction outlines the research justification, significance, and methodology. The first main section covers words for 'walking' in two sub-sections: the first subsection addresses the words for 'walking' that align with Standard Arabic and words for 'walking' with origins in Standard Arabic. The second main section explores words for 'speed' in two sub-sections: the first investigates words for 'speed' that align with Standard Arabic, and the second studies the words for 'speed' with origins in Standard Arabic. The third main section examines words for 'going and coming' in two sub-sections: the first examines words for 'going and coming' that align with Standard Arabic, and the second explores the words for 'going and coming' with origins in Standard Arabic. The research concludes with the research findings and recommendations.

The study aims to analyze the persuasive discourse and propaganda techniques used in the media discourse of the official spokesman for the Al-Qassam Brigades (Abu Obeida) during the Battle of Tufan al-Aqsa (2023/2024). To achieve this goal, the descriptive analytical model was used, relying on the precise content analysis tool of Abu Obaida’s speeches. The study community also consisted of all the speeches of the spokesman for the divisional brigades, Abu Obaida, exclusively related to the selection of the "al-Aqsa Flood Battle", and an intentionally sampling number of 16 speeches was discovered during the period between October 7, 2023 and March 3, 2024.

The study reveals that the speeches addressed the objectives of Al-Aqsa Flood, and the issue of Palestinian prisoners in occupation prisons, the heroics, achievements and gains of the resistance in Gaza Strip against the occupation army, the occupation's human losses, and the goals of the flood. Three persuasive appeals were used; appealing to logic (logos), credibility (ethos), and emotion (pathos), by presenting arguments and evidence, numbers and statistics, and justifying the political goals of the flood in a convincing, effective, accurate, and non exaggerating way, and capturing Palestinians' and peoples' emotions to win International support for the resistance and the Palestinian cause. Many of the propaganda techniques that Abu Obaida used in his speeches emerged, such as: flashy generalities, mobilizing popular support, negative naming, and other techniques aimed at achieving the goals of the resistance in a concise precise manner. He directed his speech to the Arab nation and the countries of the world in general and to the occupation army in particular

The study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of an enrichment program designed to enhance concepts of social justice among eighth-grade students in the basic education stage in Amanat Al-Asimah, Sana’a. A quasi-experimental approach was employed for the experimental group, incorporating pre- and post-measurements. The researcher developed a list of social justice concepts tailored for eighth-grade students, followed by the creation of an enrichment program and the implementation of an experimental unit within the eighth-grade curriculum. A test assessing social justice concepts was specifically prepared for this experimental group. The study population comprised eighth-grade students from Ma’in District in the capital's secretariat, Sana’a, with a sample of (84) male and female students selected intentionally. The findings indicated statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group on the Social Justice Concepts test before and after the program, with post-test scores showing greater improvement. Additionally, the effect size for the study unit was found to be large in fostering social justice concepts among students. The researcher concluded with several recommendations and proposals.

Research "the effectiveness of human values in the light of Holy Quran" aims to clarify the concept of human values and their active construction in perception and behavior, highlighting the impact of Quranic guidance in this regard, through the descriptive, inductive, and deductive methodology. One of the most important results of the research is that the ancient dictionaries did not mention the definition of values as ethical and behavioral virtues; rather, this was recognized by the Egyptian Academy of the Arabic Language in modern times. Human values are noble ethical principles characterized by stability, standardization, reference, and moral authority stemming from nature and high principles. They consist of conceptual meanings and contents that settle internally and manifest in reality, possessing motivation and self-integrity. Acting in accordance with them leads to the rectitude of life. Among the key pillars of their conceptual and behavioral construction in Quranic guidance: belief in Allah, righteous deeds, constant remembrance of them, harnessing positive natural predispositions in humans, meeting the needs of their natural instincts, linking values to legislation, rewards, and obligations, safeguarding against negative values. Elements of the effectiveness of human values include: starting from faith, linking cognitive advancement with behavior, relating values to each other in education and construction, and emphasizing the righteousness and safety of the environment.

The research aims to identify the Islamic ruling on transforming impure substances into other pure substances, the Shari'a ruling on the purity of these transformed substances, and the extent to which these impure substances can be used after transformation.

The researcher followed a comparative approach between various jurisprudential schools, using inductive, theoretical, and descriptive analytical methods.

The researcher identified the main terms included in the research. The objectives, importance and reasons for choosing the research topic were also determined.

The research reached the following conclusions:

• The permissibility of seeking treatment with impure substances is permissible if they have been transformed into other pure substances, a complete transformation has been achieved, and there is a necessity and lack of alternatives.
• Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) adapts to contemporary issues and accommodates the evolving needs of life. This is achieved by incorporating new forms and cases under the established rules and principles of Fiqh. This process revives and renews the effectiveness of Islamic jurisprudence.

A set of recommendations were made, the most important of which are:

• It is necessary for the concerned authorities in Islamic countries to utilize the hides and bones of animals slaughtered according to Islamic methods, to extract gelatin from them, and to encourage the pharmaceutical industries in Islamic countries.
• Integrating Sharia-based subjects in medical education, so that graduating doctors and pharmacists have the necessary Islamic knowledge to address the religious concerns of patients

This study aims to determine the impact of empowering employees on administrative creativity in the Yemeni telecommunications sector. The researchers use the descriptive analytical method and to collect field data, they rely on a questionnaire tool. The size of the study population was (4266) employees, and a sample was taken using the stratified random sampling method, its size represented by (352) individuals. The most prominent results of the study were the following: - The level of employee empowerment in the Yemeni telecommunications sector under study from the point of view of workers in general was moderate. It obtained an arithmetic mean of (4.31) with a standard deviation of (0.87) and a percentage of (61.57%). The results of the study also showed that the level of administrative creativity in the Yemeni telecommunications sector from the point of view of workers was high. It obtained an arithmetic mean of (4.83) with a standard deviation of (0.71) and a percentage of (69%). The results of the study also showed that there is a statistically significant effect at the level (α≤0.05) of employee empowerment in its dimensions (delegation of authority, training, motivation, work team, participation in decision-making) on administrative creativity in the Yemeni telecommunications sector. This study recommended the need to create an appropriate organizational climate to implement the concept of administrative empowerment, develop an incentive system characterized by fairness and objectivity. Organizing training courses for all employees and constantly updating them. Distributing work collectively, providing support and assistance to employees, encouraging employees to adopt new ideas and not hesitate to apply them and take responsibility for the results regardless of the risks. Educating employees about the importance of their position as an important and effective element in management.

The current research aims to introduce positive psychology, its role, fields, and goals. By reviewing what was written about this science, the following became clear:

Positive psychology is considered the gateway or entrance through which balance can be achieved and the psychological path corrected. It is a developmental approach to virtues and abilities, a preventive approach against disease, and a therapeutic approach at the same time. Among its names are positive psychology, the science of happiness, the science of human strengths, and the science of human power.

It is a modern trend that studies subjective experience, positive feelings, positive traits, meaningful life, and positive emotions, and works at the individual and group levels in the past, present, and future.

Positive psychology provides a list of positive indicators of mental health, represented by two axes, the first of which is measuring emotional vitality, and the second is measuring positive functional activity. The two axes constitute the opposite side of the clinical list of diseases.

Positive psychologists emphasize that a person's use of his positive characteristics, abilities, talents, and virtues achieves a happy life or a good life. This science aims to achieve a psychological balance between the positive model and the pathological model in practice and application, and to direct attention and study towards psychological flexibility and quality of life instead of preoccupation with illness, its factors and causes.

This research focuses on symmetrical sentences in the Holy Qur'an, examining the contexts of corresponding verses in both nominal and verbal forms. It aims to connect these verses, deducing the stylistic and rhetorical coherence within them and their contexts, while also revealing their various purposes and transformations. The study highlights the contextual differences that accompany these verses and their appropriateness within the framework of Qur'anic discourse.

The primary objective of this research is to illuminate the stylistic features of symmetrical verses in nominal and verbal sentences, analyzing their structural and semantic characteristics. It seeks to demonstrate the coherence and consistency among these symmetrical sentences across diverse contexts, unveiling a new perspective on proportionality and harmony within the verses of the Holy Qur'an. Additionally, it aims to highlight the precision and beauty found in the symmetry of these sentences, alongside the stylistic shifts that accompany them and their semantic relationships. This exploration serves as further evidence supporting the rhetorical miracle of the Holy Qur'an and offers a new interpretation of its rhetorical lessons.

The research is divided into three sections: the first examines symmetrical nominal sentences, the second focuses on symmetrical verbal sentences, and the third explores instances where nominal and verbal sentences correspond. The study concludes with a summary of its key findings, including: The Qur'anic structure of symmetrical sentences reveals a distinct pattern in style, systems, and connotations. These sentences serve various functions, such as praise, condemnation, warning, reporting, or specification, thereby enriching their meaning and significance.

This research aims to illuminate the definition of the Zaidi doctrine, its origins, and to clarify the trends and methodologies employed in writing the biography of the Prophet, using Imam Ahmed bin Yahya Al-Murtada as a model through the manuscript "Yawaqit Al-Siar." The research problem centers on understanding the trends in Imam Al-Murtada's historical writings and his approach, which relies on authentic hadiths and is consistent with the teachings of the Holy Qur’an.

The study utilizes both descriptive analytical and critical methods. The findings revealed several key results, most notably the emergence of Al-Murtada's personality throughout the manuscript. This is evident in the overall organization of the text, the attention given to numbers and statistics, as well as his efforts in titling chapters and systematically collecting and distributing scientific material.

Nicknames in audiovisual content serve multiple purposes including, highlighting character traits, adding humor, fostering familiarity, and revealing relationships within the narrative. Subtitling these names can be challenging, due to their culture-specific and connotative nature. However, there is a noticeable lack of research on the strategies involved in subtitling them, particularly from English to Arabic. Therefore, this study aimed to address this gap by identifying, analyzing, and assessing the strategies subtitlers used in subtitling nicknames from English to Arabic. To achieve this, 41 subtitles containing nicknames were selected from the first season of the TV series Lost and analyzed based on Pedersen’s (2011) taxonomy of strategies. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results showed frequent use of Retention, Direct translation, Situational Substitution, and Omission strategies which failed to convey the intended meaning causing a deviation from the original effect. The used strategies suggested a tendency to untranslated them. Therefore, it was recommended to consider the functional aspects of the nicknames and the significance of conveying their intended meaning to enhance the effectiveness of nickname subtitling and improve viewer experience. Instructors of translation are also recommended to pay sufficient heed to the teaching of strategies of nickname subtitling.

The current study aims to explore English expressions of gratitude that are used by Yemeni female speakers in female-female and female-male interactions at Sana'a University, Yemen. The participants of the study consisted of 230 undergraduate students (115 males and 115 females). The data of the study were collected through a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) for eliciting the speech act of gratitude. It included twelve situations that were analyzed by using SPSS descriptive statistics program. The data were analyzed according to Cheng's (2005) taxonomy of gratitude expressions. The results revealed that Yemeni female speakers in F-F and F-M interactions utilized twenty-four English expressions of gratitude with different expressions of politeness markers in interacting with each other in the twelve situations and with difference in their frequencies and percentages. The results obtained from the data analysis also showed that the most frequent preferred strategy by all the participants in all situations is "bald thanking or using the word "thanks"". Furthermore, it can be observed that Yemeni female speakers use both two strategies ("bald thanking or using the word "thanks"" and "thanking and stating the favor") of English expressions of gratitude more than other strategies, especially in F-M interactions more than in F-F interactions. The reason behind this is because Yemeni female speakers tend to express themselves in their daily interactions, especially in F-M interactions because females appreciate any favor or service men offer or do it for them, so when receiving help from others, they have to thank them. Besides, women with their nature are more polite and use more politeness strategies than men and this is related to religious factors and social rules and conventions in Yemeni society. It is recommended that English teachers should make learners aware of using more suitable English expressions of gratitude in various situations. Consequently, learners can select what gratitude strategy that is most appropriate or required in a given situation.

This research aims to determine the impact of emotional intelligence on organizational commitment in private Yemeni universities. The descriptive analytical approach was used, and the study population consisted of professors and employees of private universities that have been established for ten years or more. A stratified random sample was taken according to the size of the universities (282) individuals. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of (43) items to measure emotional intelligence and organizational commitment.

The research results show that there is a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment, and that emotional intelligence explains (29.4%) of the variance in organizational commitment. The results also show that the dimensions of emotional intelligence (empathy, social skills, and motivation) are the most influential on the level of organizational commitment.

Based on the research findings, the researchers recommend private Yemeni universities to enhance the emotional intelligence skills of their employees by providing training and development opportunities, adopting an approach based on emotional intelligence in leadership and employee management styles, and recommended further studies to identify the most influential variables in increasing organizational commitment among private Yemeni universities.

The research aims to identify the historical thinking skills necessary for social studies teachers at the basic education level from their perspective. A descriptive survey approach was employed, utilizing a questionnaire consisting of (27) skills distributed across five main areas of historical thinking. The research was conducted with (71) mentors and teachers.

The results indicated that the importance of historical thinking skills was rated high. Among these, the skills of chronology of events and historical understanding and comprehension were deemed the most crucial, with a rating of (86%). This was followed by the skill of historical research at (83%), and then the skills of historical interpretation, analysis of historical issues, and decision-making, each rated at (82%).

This study and investigation aims to present the manuscript (The Entertaining Masterpiece by (Mohammad Bin Yahya Margham) Takhmis Al-Manshiyya Poem by (Al-Hasan Bin Ali Bin Jabir Al-Hubal) as its author intended it, then knowing its poetic content in terms of aesthetic and artistic values, with attention to investigating a comprehensive translation by the distinguished author. The poet Muhammad bin Yahya Margham, who died in the year 1380 AH, “from his upbringing, his studies, his sheikhs, his scientific life, and his writings,” thus achieving the presentation of an obscure scientific figure overlooked by biographical books.

As for his poem (The Entertaining Masterpiece), it is considered eloquent poetry, and its language, compositions, images, and imagination kept pace with the Manshiyyat al-Khamsah poem and blended together as if they were one entity.

The study concluded a set of results, the most important of which are:

• Scientific investigation of the entertaining poem.
• Khamis is a complex poetic process that the poet Margham was able to implement with extremely creative craftsmanship, and this is due to his poetry and his linguistic and compositional ability.
• Scientific documentation of a comprehensive translation of Margham, as his knowledge was open to the sciences of language and literature, not to mention the religious sciences and his social status, as he used his knowledge to reform society.

The most important recommendations:

• Calling for attention to studying and investigating Margham’s writings in particular and Yemeni manuscripts in general
• Adopting the subject (manuscript editing) to be taught at the bachelor’s level in Yemeni universities, taking into account the specificity of specializations.
• Obliging graduate students in Yemeni universities to study and verify a manuscript.
• The need to pay attention to verifying Yemeni manuscripts so that researchers and scholars can benefit from them

This study aims to elucidate the efforts of Yemeni scholars in the field of Qur'anic exegesis, specifically focusing on the science of grammatical analysis (ʿIlm al-Iʿrāb). This discipline is indispensable for interpreters of the Qur'an. The scope of this research is confined to the contributions made by scholars in the eighth century AH. The researcher employed a descriptive-inductive methodology, striving for conciseness in alignment with the research's length and format requirements. The study is organized into an introduction, three main chapters, and a conclusion

 In the introduction, the significance of the topic, the rationale behind its selection, objectives, and the methodological framework are outlined. The first chapter delves into the concept of grammatical analysis, its importance, and highlights prominent Yemeni exegeses that emphasize this science. The second and third chapters showcase the manifestations and impacts of the scholars' efforts in this field. The research concludes by presenting key findings, including the notable and evident dedication of Yemeni scholars to the science of grammatical analysis in their exegeses. Furthermore, recommendations are provided, such as the need for extensive and similar studies to uncover the broader contributions of Yemeni scholars to Qur'anic sciences.

Ultimately, this research contributes significantly to the elucidation and recognition of the status and efforts of Yemeni scholars in advancing the fields of Qur'anic sciences, Arabic language, Islamic jurisprudence (Sharia), and beyond

The study aims to highlight the legacy of the most renowned Yemeni grammarians of the 8th century Hijri, to understand their research methodology, their positions on grammatical schools, the grammatical views they uniquely held, and their style in doing so.

The significance of the research lies in its focus on the grammatical positions and views of the most prominent Yemeni grammarians of the 8th century Hijri, as well as providing a concise explanation of the meaning of grammatical disagreement.

The research problem was the lack of sufficient studies that demonstrate the efforts of the most prominent Yemeni grammarians of the 8th century Hijri and the failure of these studies to highlight the unique positions they held in their grammatical opinions, to the best of the researcher's knowledge. The research problem can be summarized in several questions that were answered within the research, including: What is grammatical disagreement and what factors influence it? Who are the most famous Yemeni grammarians of the 8th century Hijri, and what are their positions on grammatical schools and issues of grammatical disagreement? What grammatical views did they uniquely hold?

The researcher adopted a descriptive methodology based on induction, description, and analysis. The structure of the study required it to be divided into several sections: an introduction containing the research plan, a preface, and three chapters. The first chapter focused on grammatical disagreement and the factors contributing to its emergence. The second chapter discussed the position of the most famous Yemeni grammarians of the 8th century Hijri on the grammarians of the Basra school. The third chapter covered the stance of the most famous Yemeni grammarians towards the grammarians of the Kufa school. The research concluded with a summary of the main findings, general recommendations, and a list of references.

The research aims to identify the role of strategic leadership in crisis management at the Ministry of Tourism in the Republic of Yemen. The researcher employed a quantitative approach, utilizing both descriptive and analytical methods. The research population consisted of ministry employees from various leadership and administrative levels within the General Office of the Ministry of Tourism and the Tourism Promotion Council in the capital, Sana’a, totaling (117) male and female employees.  The researcher applied a comprehensive inventory method due to the small size of the research population. Data was collected using a questionnaire, and the statistical analysis program (SPSS, version 27) was utilized to enter, process the data, and test the hypotheses.

The study yielded several significant findings: the role of strategic leadership, across its various dimensions, was perceived by the research sample to be at an average level, with a relative weight of (57%). Conversely, the reality of crisis management in its various stages was assessed at a low level, with a relative weight of (51%). Additionally, the research found a positive direct correlation between the practice of strategic leadership and effective crisis management, indicating that strategic leadership enhances crisis management capabilities. There is also a statistically significant role for strategic leadership in crisis management within the Ministry of Tourism in Yemen. Based on these findings, the researcher made several recommendations, including: the Ministry of Tourism should work to promote the concept of strategic leadership among its leaders, given its crucial role in enhancing employees' ability to predict and manage crises. This can be achieved through specialized conferences and increased focus on implementing various practices via training courses in strategic leadership and crisis management. Furthermore, it is essential to qualify and activate the Tourism Emergency Unit at the Ministry through human, financial, and technical resources, equipping it with modern technological tools. The ministry should also leverage resources from the Tourism Promotion Fund and develop an urgent plan to manage the recovery phase of the tourism sector in Yemen.