The Problem of Standardization of Al-Hamza Between Full Pronunciation and Elision in the early stages of linguistic research An Understanding Attempt under Historical Linguistics Framework

This research discusses the problem of the standardization of Al-Hamza “glottal stop” between full pronunciation and elision in the early linguistic research. It reveals the connection between the problem of standardizing Al-Hamza and the assumed historical state of Arabic, and the hypothesis of common literary Arabic language, elucidating historical and cultural conditions necessary for the emergence of a standard language according to sociolinguistics.  The research then presents the debate, critique and writing that Al-Hamza has provoked, as well as the criticism levelled at linguists, reciters, and eloquent Bedouin Arabs.It reveals the problem of Al-Hamza and its connection to the early historical state of Arabic, for the linguistic standard did not form instantly. The issue of Al-Hamza had a special status in that standard due to the variation among Arabic dialects. The conception of common literary Arabic hypothesis attributes the problem of Al-Hamza to the mistakes of the common people when attempting to emulate classical Arabic. Finally, the reasons why standard Arabic chose full pronunciation of Al-Hamza over elision are mentioned: the general state of Al-Hamza in the speech of Arabs, and the principle of avoiding ambiguity favoring full pronunciation.