Sana'a University Journal of Human Sciences

This research discusses the problem of the standardization of Al-Hamza “glottal stop” between full pronunciation and elision in the early linguistic research. It reveals the connection between the problem of standardizing Al-Hamza and the assumed historical state of Arabic, and the hypothesis of common literary Arabic language, elucidating historical and cultural conditions necessary for the emergence of a standard language according to sociolinguistics.  The research then presents the debate, critique and writing that Al-Hamza has provoked, as well as the criticism levelled at linguists, reciters, and eloquent Bedouin Arabs.It reveals the problem of Al-Hamza and its connection to the early historical state of Arabic, for the linguistic standard did not form instantly. The issue of Al-Hamza had a special status in that standard due to the variation among Arabic dialects. The conception of common literary Arabic hypothesis attributes the problem of Al-Hamza to the mistakes of the common people when attempting to emulate classical Arabic. Finally, the reasons why standard Arabic chose full pronunciation of Al-Hamza over elision are mentioned: the general state of Al-Hamza in the speech of Arabs, and the principle of avoiding ambiguity favoring full pronunciation.

This study seeks to elucidate the Jewish identity and the notion of absolute preference, while also examining the Quranic perspective on Jews as reflected in their most salient characteristics. Additionally, it aims to explore the role of Jews in shaping contemporary society. The research is organized into three main sections: the first section defines the Jewish identity; the second articulates the Quranic stance on Jews, focusing on their prominent traits; and the third investigates their contributions to modern society. The researcher employed inductive, descriptive, and analytical methodologies as deemed appropriate for the nature of the study. The findings reveal several key insights: the Jewish psyche is characterized by psychological complexities, including feelings of inferiority, resentment, and hostility; the Jewish community has historically exhibited resistance to divine laws; and they have been implicated in various forms of doctrinal, moral, and social corruption throughout history. Furthermore, the Quran has undertaken the task of revealing these attributes and behaviors. The study concludes that the negative traits attributed to Jews are consistent across time and geography, suggesting a continuity of character. The researcher also provides a series of recommendations and suggestions, which are detailed at the conclusion of the paper

The current study aims to determine the extent to which the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) are incorporated into the tenth-grade chemistry textbook used in secondary schools in the Republic of Yemen. The study followed the descriptive and analytical approach, because it is the approach that suits the nature of the study and its second objective. The study population consisted of a chemistry textbook and a booklet of activities and laboratory experiments for the tenth grade of secondary school in the Republic of Yemen. The study sample included (100%) ) of the study population, and the study tool at this stage was the content analysis tool.

The study yielded the following results:

1. The list of science standards for the second generation NGSS, and their proposed indicators, for the field of matter and its interactions, consisted of (8) standards, (24) dimensions, (29) axes, (32) criteria, and (409) indicators.
2. It was found that the overall average extent to which the second generation science standards (NGSS) include the field of matter and its interactions in the content of the chemistry book, and the booklet of laboratory activities and experiments; For the tenth grade of secondary school in the Republic of Yemen, it is equal to (0.83), with a low degree of inclusion.

In light of the limitations of the problem of the study, its questions, importance and results; The study recommends examining the experiences of countries that preceded us, especially the American experience. Because it summarized the experiences of 25 years of work with educational standards In light of the limitations of the problem of the study, its questions, importance and results; The study recommends examining the experiences of countries that preceded us, especially the American experience. Because it summarized the experiences of 25 years of work with educational standards. It also can be suggested that several studies be conducted; To complement aspects of the current study.

This research aims to study the morphosemantics of the two Surahs, Al-Infitar and Al-Inshiqaq, to reveal aspects of the Quranic morphological structure and its distinctive features, clarifying their semantics in the syntactic context. The descriptive-analytical method is employed, and the research is divided into an introduction and two main sections. The introduction outlines the research's rationale, significance, and methodology. The first main section covers the theoretical study in two sub-sections: the first is dedicated to defining the two Surahs of Al-Infitar and Al-Inshiqaq. The other sub-section is dedicated to introducing the disciplines of syntax and semantics. The second main section delves into the applied study in four sub-sections: sources, verbs, derivations (active participle, passive participle, intensive forms, adjective participle), and plurals. The research concludes with the research findings and recommendations.

This study deals with the ruling on the fasting person using the siwak according to the comparative research method. The research is divided into an introduction, two sections, a conclusion, and a list of sources and references. The first section dealt with the definition of the siwak and its importance. The second section dealt with the ruling on the fasting person using the siwak and the opinions of the jurists on that, the issue of preference and choice for the fasting person using the siwak.

 The problem of the study lies in answering the following question: What is the ruling on a fasting person using the siwak according to comparative jurisprudence? The importance of the study is to introduce the siwak, explain its importance, as well as clarify its jurisprudential ruling and its benefits for the Muslim individual, especially the fasting person. The study aims to clarify the comparative jurisprudential ruling on the use of the siwak for a fasting person according to a solid scientific methodology. The study used the comparative jurisprudence approach.

 The study concluds that it is important for the fasting person to use the siwak under any circumstances, as it does not break the fast. The study recommended opening the way for researchers in Islamic jurisprudence, especially comparative jurisprudence, to provide the jurisprudential library with many studies and research that serve the Islamic nation.

This study investigates the translation of similes in two Arabic versions of Ernest Hemingway’s Men Without Women, translated by Abdullah Fadhel Farea (2007) and Sameer Izzat Nassar (2003). Focusing on the cultural and stylistic importance of similes in Hemingway’s work, it examines the translation techniques used by each translator and evaluates their success in bridging linguistic and cultural differences.

Using Katharina Reiss’s functional model (2000), the analysis assesses how semantic, lexical, and stylistic elements affect the translation of similes. It examines strategies like figurative equivalence, literal translation, and adaptation, highlighting both successful and problematic examples. The study reveals that while both translators aim to preserve Hemingway’s vivid imagery, their approaches to cultural nuances differ.

The findings emphasize the importance of considering cultural context and audience expectations when translating similes to ensure both fidelity to the original text and resonance with the target readership.

The idea of this research is summarized in the prophetic citations of the Holy Qur’an, focusing on its features and the statement of its parameters. Its importance is highlighted by its connection to one aspect of the relationship between the Prophetic Sunnah and the Holy Qur’an, specifically regarding a particular issue in one hadith. This relationship serves as a strong indication of the research problem, which involves identifying the hadiths in which the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, referenced the Holy Qur’an in his speech, along with the reasons for these citations and their clarity, explanation, and strength.

The research aims to explore the hadiths where he, may God bless him and grant him peace, cited the Holy Qur’an to convey his intended message. It seeks to emphasize the strength of clarification and explanation within these citations and to develop an understanding of how the Holy Qur’an informs the Prophetic Sunnah. This includes examining the Prophetic methodology in these citations and clarifying the formulas and parameters involved.

The method employed in this research is inductive. One of the most prominent findings is the clarity of the Prophetic methodology in citing the Holy Qur’an. This includes using Qur’anic citations to enhance clarification and explanation, facilitate dialogue and persuasion, clarify ambiguities, and elucidate specific terms. Additionally, it identifies the parameters for citing the Holy Qur’an as reflected in the Prophetic Sunnah, including selecting the most appropriate, comprehensive, and clear verses that align with the intended meaning.

Consideration is also given to the temporal and spatial contexts relevant to each citation, as well as understanding the Qur’anic context for its application to specific incidents. The study outlines methods of prophetic citation, such as citing complete verses or multiple verses on a single issue, and delineates the formulas used by the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, to indicate citations from the Holy Qur’an. It becomes evident that there are four distinct formulas reported from him regarding this practice.

This study aims to analyze the construction of the travel image in the novel Witness from Seville" by Mona Al-Tamimi. It endeavors to explore the nature of this image, delineate its patterns and connotations within the text, and examine its associated techniques and aesthetics. The research is organized into an introduction and two chapters: the first focusing on the patterns of the travel image and the second on its aesthetics. The analysis employs various structural and semiotic methodologies, alongside additional approaches that are pertinent to the text under investigation. The findings of this research reveal several significant insights, notably that the travel image transcends mere kinetic description. It delves into deeper dimensions of travel, illuminating aspects of the human psyche and its interactions with the 'other,' while also unveiling various social and cultural contexts

This research aims to introduce the efforts of the jurists of Bani al-Ahdal in fatwas. The approach used in the research is the inductive, documentary approach in verifying the authenticity of these works and attributing them to their authors. I tracked down the copies of every book and its location, and collected information about it, whether it was a manuscript or printed, and I documented the quotations and sayings from their places, and mentioned that in the footnote.

The research is limited to two sections, the first is : the definitions and the study terms. The second is : the efforts of the jurists of Bani al-Ahdal in fatwas and what they were distinguished by and some examples of their fatwas.

The research highlights the efforts of a scientific family famous for science and jurisprudence and introduces them and their most famous books in fatwas in particular.

The research concluded with some results the most prominent of which are :

• That al- Ahdal Family is one of the most famous Yemeni families that have been famous for science and jurisprudence through ages.
• Knowing the jurists of Bani al-Ahdal and their efforts in Fatwas and the things that characterize them.

The research concluds with a set of recommendations and suggestions as edited in the conclusion.

The research titled "The Impact of the Objective of Progeny Preservation on the Ruling of Pre-Marital Medical Examination" addresses the following:

- The importance of medical examination as a preventive measure to prevent hereditary diseases that may negatively affect future generations.

- Following the advancement of genetics, it has become clear that genetic traits, including diseases, are transmitted between spouses, highlighting the necessity of pre-marital examination as a means of protecting progeny.

- The research discusses contemporary jurisprudential issues related to medical examination, where scholars differ on the obligation of this examination before marriage.

- It is based on the objectives of Islamic law in preserving progeny and reviews the positive and negative implications of this examination and its impact on families and society.

- The research includes a study of the definition of medical examination, its ruling, and its importance, concluding that the examination serves as a preventive measure that aids in family stability and preserves the health of progeny.

This research deals with studying examples of synonymous words in contemporary Yemeni dialects, as an attempt by the researcher to reveal the richness of Yemeni dialects in words and the extent of their proximity to the Northern Arabic language and their convergence with some Semitic languages, through presenting the word and studying it lexically and comparing it with Northern Arabic and some Semitic languages. The researcher, to the best of his knowledge, did not find an independent research that deals with this phenomenon in Yemeni dialects. What the researcher concluded is that the phenomenon of synonymy is one of the widespread phenomena in Yemeni dialects and is worthy of study. The researcher used the descriptive and comparative approaches. The research consists of an introduction, a preface, three chapters, and a conclusion

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a training program grounded in educational modules for developing emotional education competencies among social studies teachers at the basic stage in the Republic of Yemen. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a single-group, pre-test and post-test model. The sample comprised purposively selected male and female teachers, totaling 20 participants, including 9 males and 11 females, from social studies departments in schools located in Shibam Kawkaban city. The training program consisted of three integrated educational modules focusing on cognitive competencies, emotional competencies, and social competencies. The program implementation included a cognitive achievement test and practical performance observation using an assessment card. The study findings revealed statistically significant differences between pre- and post-application scores in both the cognitive achievement test and observation card, favoring the post-application stage in terms of cognitive and fundamental aspects of competencies. Furthermore, the program based on educational modules demonstrated a significant impact on the development of emotional education competencies.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a program based on the flipped classroom strategy in developing the teaching skills of pre-service teachers in the Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Education, Sana'a University. To achieve this objective, a descriptive approach based on a construction and development approach was adopted to prepare a list of teaching skills, to build the program in question, the scenario, and to create an observation checklist. Also, the quasi-experimental approach was employed in the experimental design based on the experimental and control groups, with pre and post-test measurements. The study sample consists of (60) students, randomly selected and divided into two equal and equivalent groups: the first was the experimental group that was subjected to a program based on the flipped classroom strategy, and the second was the control group that followed the traditional teaching method. The experiment was implemented on the participants in the first semester of the academic year 2023/2024. The results revealed statistically significant differences at the (0.0001) level between the mean scores of the experimental group and the control group on the post-test observation checklist, favoring the experimental group. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences at the (0.0001) level between the mean scores of the experimental group on the pre-test and post-test observation checklists, favoring the post-test. The program based on the flipped classroom strategy was highly effective in developing the teaching skills of the pre-service teachers in the Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Education, Sana'a University, as the modified gain ratio for the effectiveness size at the level of the tool as a whole reached (1.4), which is a value greater than the ratio (1.2) specified by Black for great effectiveness The study recommended developing teacher preparation programs in faculties of education to include flipped classroom strategies and training teachers on how to prepare lessons, produce educational videos, and disseminate them online according to these teaching strategies.

The study aims to assess the institutional reputation of Yemeni companies among their customers using the elements of the RepTrak reputation model (services, creativity, work environment, governance, citizenship, and financial performance). It employs a survey method, utilizing a questionnaire to gather information from a purposive sample of (328)g clients of Yemeni companies.  The study yielded several notable findings:

1. There are statistically significant differences in customer evaluations of the reputation elements of Yemeni companies (services, creativity, work environment, governance, citizenship) based on variables such as age group, educational level, and duration of engagement with the company.
2. Statistically significant differences were found in customer evaluations of the reputation elements (services and creativity) according to the variable of monthly transaction rate.
3. There are statistically significant differences in customer evaluations of the reputation elements (creativity and citizenship) based on the variable of monthly income.
4. No statistically significant differences were observed in customer evaluations of the reputation elements (work environment and governance) based on gender, monthly income level, or rate of monthly dealings with the company.
5. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in customer evaluations of the reputation elements (services and financial performance) based on gender or monthly income.

This study aims to assess the impact of the quality of Air Navigation Services on the competitive advantage of the Sana'a Flight Information Region (FIR) within the Civil Aviation and Meteorology Authority (CAMA) of the Republic of Yemen. To achieve this objective, a quantitative research methodology was employed, utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach. A questionnaire was designed to collect primary data on the independent variable (quality) and the dependent variable (competitive advantage of Sana'a FIR), using a comprehensive survey method. The survey targeted 120 employees and air traffic controllers in the Air Navigation Sector of CAMA, yielding 98 valid responses. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. The results indicated a strong positive correlation between the quality of services provided and the competitive advantage of Sana'a FIR. Notably, tangibles and responsiveness were found to be crucial in enhancing this advantage. While reliability and safety are important factors, the statistical analysis did not reveal a direct impact on the competitive advantage of Sana'a FIR.

The study aimed to know the effect of the training program based on modules in developing authentic assessment methods among students of humanities at the Faculty of Education, Sana'a University. The quasi-experimental approach was used with a single-group design, and pre- and post-application. The study sample consisted of (22) female students from the humanities departments (social and Islamic studies), (9) female students in the social studies department (13) female students in the Islamic studies department who were selected intentionally. The study requirements included building an integrated training program consisting of (4) modules (performance-based assessment method, observation assessment, communication assessment, self-review assessment). The tool was a cognitive achievement test and a practical performance observation card. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the average scores of the study sample in the pre- and post-application in both the achievement test and the observation card in favor of the post-application in the cognitive and performance aspects of the methods, and that there was a significant impact of the program based on modules in developing authentic assessment methods.

The study aims to verify the effectiveness of a proposed program in practical education based on active learning for developing teaching skills among student teachers in the Islamic Studies Department. The researcher employed both descriptive and quasi-experimental approaches and prepared a list of the teaching skills necessary for training Islamic education teachers. She also developed a test that was administered pre- and post-program, after ensuring the validity and reliability of the assessment tools.

The program was applied to fourth-level students in the Islamic Studies Curriculum at the College of Education, Arhab. The sample consisted of 35 female students and 5 male students, who were then divided into two equal groups: the first experimental group (18 female students and 2 male students) and the second control group (17 female students and 3 male students). This study was conducted during the first semester of the 2022-2023 academic year and it yielded several important results, the most significant of which are as follows:

There are statistically significant differences, with a significance level of less than 0.05, between the average scores of student teachers in the experimental and control groups on the post-test for teaching skills overall and for each individual skill, favoring the experimental group that participated in the active learning-based program. The Eta squared value indicates that the impact of the program on developing teaching skills was substantial across all areas, with an effect size of( 0.58), signifying a large effect.

This study critically delves into the self-Orientalist discourse inherent in Anglophone Arab literature, where Arab novelists participate in a form of neo-Orientalism by portraying Islam in ways that resonate with established stereotypes prevalent among Western audiences. Focusing on Fadia Faqir's novel Willow Trees Don't Weep, the analysis reveals how the author ascribes negative attributes to Islam and its adherents. The theoretical framework of self-Orientalism, as stated by Lisa Lau, suggests that Anglophone authors often do not reject Orientalist stereotypes; but they often reinforce them within their literary narratives. The study has shown that Faqir, despite her Muslim heritage, does not challenge the dominant stereotypes associated with Islam. Rather, her novel perpetuates these stereotypes, offering a reductive representation of Islam as a religion characterized by intolerance and violence, and as a breeding ground for fanaticism. Muslims are depicted as embodying backwardness, prioritizing superstition over rational thought. Imams are portrayed as exploitative, appearing to prey on the innocence of youth for personal gain. Additionally, the veil is portrayed not only as a constraint imposed on women but also as a tool of oppression. Even veiled women are rendered as "the other," described with contempt. Therefore, Faqir engages in self-Orientalism, perpetuating the very stereotypes she should have aimed to challenge

This study aims to identify the extent to which social responsibility concepts are included in social studies books for the third stage of basic education. The study uses a descriptive-analytical approach and examines social studies books for grades 7، 8، and 9، totaling twelve books (four for each grade) as the study sample. The study utilizes a content analysis card with five main concepts and 46 sub-concepts as study tools. The results of the analysis revealed that:

• In the context of the eighth-grade curriculum، the concepts of social responsibility ranked first with a total of 550 repetitions and a percentage of 42.73% of the content. This percentage is considered weak according to the approved rating scale. The seventh-grade curriculum ranked second with 392 repetitions، making up 30.45% of the content، also considered a weak score. Then the ninth-grade curriculum ranked third، with 345 repetitions and a 26.80% percentage، which is a weak score.

• According to the survey، self-responsibility was the most frequently mentioned concept of social responsibility، appearing 610 times، which accounts for 47.39% of the total books. The concept of responsibility towards society ranked second with 328 repetitions، making up 25.48% of the total. Following this، the concept of national responsibility ranked third with 158 mentions، representing 12.27% of the total. Next in line was the concept of environmental responsibility with 123 mentions and a percentage of (9.55%). Finally، the concept of family responsibility with 68 mentions and a percentage of (5.28%). These percentages range from very weak and weak. Thus، the study suggests including these concepts in social studies curricula due to their significance for both the individual and society.

The study aims to know the impact of the quality of work life on psychological capital in Yemeni private hospitals in Dhamar Governorate. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach and relied on the questionnaire to collect data. The study community consists of private hospitals in Dhamar (10) hospitals and the sample size was (200 individuals) using the stratified random sample method. The data were analyzed and the results were presented using the statistical program spssv28-. The study showed that the quality of work life has six dimensions studied. It appeared that only two dimensions have a statistically significant effect on psychological capital: (healthy work environment ((0.168 and security and stability (0.179). As for the other dimensions (opportunities for growth and promotion, participation in decision-making, leadership and supervisory behavior, and wages and rewards system), no statistically significant effects appeared.

The results of the healthy work environment dimension indicate that the presence of a safe, clean and health hazard-free work environment contributes significantly to the feeling of comfort and psychological security of workers, which enhances their ability to deal with work pressures and improve Their performance. The positive impact of the security and stability dimension indicates that employees' sense of job stability and security from layoffs or external threats contributes significantly to their sense of psychological comfort and reduces feelings of anxiety and tension, which enhances their ability to focus and be creative.

Health management defines goals and coordinates the activities of the administrative, medical and professional workforce in order to achieve the desired and expected goals in health institutions, This study aimed to identify the obstacles facing the administrative work in the health section in Sana'a Governorate directorates to reach conclusions and recommendations that may work to limit these obstacles in order to improve the quality of health services. After reviewing the previous studies related to the subject of the study, the researcher used descriptive analytical method, relying on the collection of data on the questionnaire tool that was distributed to the community of the study consisting of 35 health, hospitals and programs managers in the directorates of Sana'a Governorate. The data were analyzed using statistical program software system (SPSS).

The results show an existence of administrative, technical, economic and socio-cultural obstacles affecting the administrative work in health section in directorates of Sana'a Governorate. The economic obstacles were the highest with an average of (4.04) followed by technical and professional obstacles with an average of (4) and thirdly the administrative obstacles with an average of (3.80) while socio-cultural obstacles came at last with an average of (3.54).