The Effect of Blending Graywater and Treated Wastewater with Groundwater on Calcareous Soil and Sorghum Forage Productivity: A Study in Environmental Sustainability
This experiment was conducted in 2022 in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, during the sorghum growing season. The experimental period extended from June 1st to July 22nd, totaling 52 days, to evaluate the effect of irrigating forage sorghum in calcareous silt loam soil with different levels of greywater (GW) and partially treated wastewater (PTWW) blended with groundwater. The blending ratios refer to the volumetric proportions used for blending groundwater with non-conventional water, which included five levels (4:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:4). The results showed that unblended PTWW (4:0) raised soil salinity (ECe) to 1.36 dS/m compared to 0.24 dS/m before the experiment and increased available copper concentration to 17.00 mg/L. In contrast, the 1:3 (groundwater: PTWW) blending ratio achieved the highest fresh weight of the crop, reaching 18.67 g/pot, representing a 17.3% increase over the unblended treatment. Furthermore, the 1:1 blending ratio for both PTWW and greywater yielded the highest dry weights of 5.05 and 4.68 g/pot, respectively, confirming the role of quantitative blending ratios in improving productivity and mitigating soil degradation.
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