Sana'a University Journal of Human Sciences

The study sought to evaluate the experience of satirical programs on Yemeni satellite channels, and to identify the attitudes of Yemeni media professionals towards the level of commitment to professional ethics in satirical programs while dealing with the events of the Yemeni crisis.  media students), where the study showed that the negative effects of this programmatic color outweigh the positive ones.  Also, the level of commitment to ethics in Yemeni satirical programs, according to the assessment of the majority of the sample, is low, as it appeared that the abuses were mainly concentrated in choosing topics and issues according to the station's agenda, and the interest of the party to which the channel is affiliated, and transforming the program into a platform in the political battle between the parties to the conflict in Yemen.  Then in bias and work on political propaganda for some parties to the conflict, then in the personalization of the issues, and focus on people without ideas and practices, as well as in deduction from the context to show the topics in different directions from what they really are in reality.

The aim of the research is to identify the correlation between some neuromuscular compatibility tests and the level of composite skill performances.

   The researchers used the descriptive approach in the style of correlational studies due to its suitability to the nature of the research, and in order to reach the percentages of contribution, the researchers used multiple linear regression in the standard way (total input), and the research sample was chosen in a deliberate manner for a number of (40) emerging from the research community.

    Among the most important findings of the research is the existence of a significant correlation for some neuromuscular compatibility tests at the level of complex skill performances, and different contribution ratios appeared for some tests of neuromuscular compatibility at the level of complex skill performances.

The study aimed to identify the effect of rehabilitation exercises in improving some motor abilities (Grip strength, Movement of the arms, Trunk movement, Movement of the legs) of quadriplegic patients.

To achieve this, the researchers used the experimental method, for it suits the nature of the study (designed by one experimental group) on a sample of 5 males who were chosen deliberately (Model Police hospital, Military hospital of the Capital Secretariat) and aged between 15 and 30 years old. The sample members were committed to a Twenty-week rehabilitation program accompanied by the diet with five rehabilitation modules per week. The conclusion of the study showed statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurements, in favor of the post measurement in (Grip strength, Movement of the arms, Trunk movement) variables under study, except for Movement of the leg’s variable. The researchers recommended that sports activity should be practiced regularly in addition to the diet, for its effect on improving the level of motor abilities of quadriplegic people in particular and paralyzed people in general.

The aim of the research is to identify the level of food culture and the reality of a healthy diet among the players of the first Yemeni national football team, and the relationship between the level of food culture and the reality of a healthy diet among players (the research sample) from their point of view. The researchers used the descriptive approach, and the research sample consisted of (21) players, who were chosen by the intentional method.

The results of the research concluded that the level of food culture among the players is high, as well as the reality of the diet is good from the point of view of the research sample (the players), and there is a statistically significant relationship between the level of food culture and the reality of the healthy diet among the players of the first Yemeni national football team. Among the recommendations, the most important of which is the interest in educating the players and raising their food and health awareness constantly, and conducting more studies and scientific research to develop the technical level of the players of the first Yemeni national football team.

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the two methods of teaching (command and reciprocal) and the differences between them in improving some skill variables in volleyball among students of the Department of Physical Education at Hadramout University. The two researchers used the experimental approach.  For its suitability to the nature of the study, the design of the two experimental groups and the pre and posttest for the two groups, and the sample consisted of (12) students, and it was divided into two experimental groups with (6) students for each group, and the two researchers adopted the teaching curriculum for volleyball in the Department of Physical and Sports Education at Hadramout University for the third level of the academic year  2021-2022, and it was applied by the two methods of teaching (command and reciprocal) to improve some skill variables for the skills of sending and passing from above and below, and the results indicated that the two groups made progress, but the second experimental group outperformed the first experimental by using the reciprocal method in learning the skills of transmitting and passing from  Up and down volleyball, and the results showed that the second experimental group using the reciprocal method got better results in the results of the post tests, compared to the first experimental group using the command method.  The researcher recommended the need to use the reciprocal method in learning the skills of sending and passing, as well as other basic skills in volleyball, and conducting similar studies on different age groups in volleyball and the rest of the other games.

The idea of the research is based on the study and investigation of Surat Al-Fatiha. The primary goal of the study is to clarify complexities and issues in the interpretation of Al-Kashshaf, furthermore, the manuscript's output should reflect the author's scientific standing and practical priorities. As for the methodology and nature of the study, it uses the descriptive approach of the personal and scientific life of the author, and the inductive approach by obtaining the manuscript, copying, indicating the author’s sources and reviewing it. This research includes an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion. The first topic is an introductory topic of the author, and the second topic is a model of the investigation.

In conclusion, I deduced that Al-Fadil al-Yamani addressed many of the issues raised in his footnotes to Al-Kashaf and provided scientific explanations for some of them, demonstrating the broadness and depth of his knowledge, which is supported by both poetic and Arab language. I also recommended to collect Al-Fadel Al-Yamani’s reflections on Al-Kashshaf by the statement of those scholars who agreed with him on that, and the explanations of poetic evidence in a separate chapter.

The United Nations Convention on Maritime Transport, in whole or in part (the Rotterdam Rules), is one of the international substantive rules that were concluded within the framework of an international organization (the United Nations), and during a series of international conferences, through which it embodied an international will to establish objective rules that have the description of generality and abstraction, and its texts became rules An international behavior that keeps pace with the rapid developments in international trade and maritime transport in particular, and contributes to the stability and unification of their disparate rules before the issuance of this agreement in the year 2008 AD. The rules of documentary credit are commercial norms and international substantive rules that have been established in the commercial and economic life.

Whereas the practical reality in international trade and international maritime transport confirms that the commercial parties are linked to contractual relations governed by international trade laws and maritime transport rules, and the basis of this relationship is based on international agreements - such as the Rotterdam rules - or international substantive rules regulating special relations of an international nature such as the rules of international sale, or Executive mechanisms for settling the price in that sale by means of international documentary norms, and those foundations make the responsibilities arising from those agreements or commercial norms international objective rules that intersect in many aspects, whether in their personal, spatial or objective scope.

This intersection leads to the emergence of rights for the different parties acquired by the parties and they can benefit from them or adhere to them, which can be dealt with in this study in which the researcher revealed the personal scope of the parties to international transport according to the Rotterdam rules and the impact of that scope on the parties of documentary credit in accordance with international norms.

This research aims to construct a concept for the development of the practical education program at the Faculty of Education at Sana'a University in light of contemporary global trends. To this end, the researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach as it suits the nature of the research and its objectives. This is done by studying and analyzing the literature to establish the reality of the practical education program at the Faculty of Education at Sana’a University in light of the contemporary global trends in the field of practical education programs. In order for this concept to lead to the desired results, it requires: extending the period spent by the student in practical education to a full academic year, diversifying the practical activities carried out by the student, scrutinizing the selection of supervisors who have personal characteristics and field experience as well as academic excellence, scrutinizing the selection of cooperating schools, and setting standards for them in terms of equipment and scientific reputation, the availability of equipment and excellence in management, and the provision of accurate evaluation models so that grades are not random or moody, but rather according to the achievement of the desired competencies.

The research aimed to find out the effectiveness of an electronic program for teaching literary texts based on self-learning strategies in developing the skills of literary appreciation for a sample of first year of secondary stage students in Bani Al-Harith district in Sana'a, based on the semi-experimental approach. The research sample consisted of "60" students, divided equally into two groups: an experimental group that studied literary texts using the electronic program based on self-learning strategies, and a controlling group that studied the then same literary texts by using the traditional way. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a list of literary appreciation skills, a test to measure literary appreciation skills, and an electronic program based on self-learning strategies to develop literary appreciation skills. After applying the research tools, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences, at the significance level (0.05), between the students of experimental and controlling groups' mean scores in the post-application of literary appreciation skills tests in favor of the experimental group, the result is attributed to the effectiveness of the electronic program designed according to self-learning strategies.

The objective of this research is to identify the level of professional behavior of team and individual game trainers in Sana'a clubs، as well as the differences in the level of professional behavior of team and individual game trainers in the capital of the Yemeni clubs according to the variables "type of game، educational level، years of experience، the research was conducted on a sample of (59) trainers of group and individual games in Sana'a clubs، selected intentionally. The researchers used the descriptive curriculum to fit the nature of the research. The researchers found that there is a high level of professional behavior among the coaches of group and individual games، namely personality، appearance، professional skills and team management in training and competition، as well as human relations and calendar skills. Statistical indication between the level of professional behavior of the coaches of group and individual games of the clubs of the capital of Yemen according to "type of game، level of education، years of experience". The researchers recommended that the sports federations and clubs should focus on providing training and technical issues that promote the professional behavior of coaches in all group and individual sports، and that similar studies should be carried out on different samples.

This research aims at making a digital map of the levels of impact of slopes on the parts of the Sana'a-Hodeida road, which are represented by the impact of landslides and the impact of torrents, because it is a suitable environment for a number of forces to occur, which cause damage to the road, especially during the period of rainfall and decommissioning for some time. The study analyzes the natural characteristics of the road, and then it analyzes the elements of the slopes on which it is located in order to make a Spatial Modeling of producing a map of the levels of impact of the slopes on the parts of the Sana'a-Hodeida road. The (Weighed Overlay) method will be used, based on four factors or criteria comprising the elements of slope (slope degree, slope direction, slope shape and runoff velocity). Accordingly, this research divided the risk levels of slopes on the parts of the road to five levels, as follows: High and very high risk levels (36.6%) of the total length of the road, medium risk level and semi-level (safe) and very safe level (37.0%, 26.4%), respectively of the total length of the road.

The current research is a comparative analytical archaeological study of the planning and architecture of the oldest shrine dome erected in Yemen and attached to the mosque of Imam Al-Hadi To Al-Haq "Yahya Bin Al-Huseen Bin Al-Qasim", the first mosque erected in Sa'da, the city which was planned by Imam Al-Hadi the owner of the shrine dome - the subject of the present study.
The researcher was able to track the planning and architecture of this dome, which was erected over the tomb of Imam Al-Hadi after his death in 298 H (911 AD) in accordance with the historical sources. It is commonly known that the oldest Yemeni dome erected within a religious facility was the dome attached to Farwa Bin Musik Mosque in Sana’a, and the first who erected a shrine dome over the tomb of Imam Al-Hadi was Imam Al-Mahdi Ali Bin Muhammad between 750 & 773 H (1349 & 1371 AD).
However, according to this study, it was confirmed to the researcher that the first person who erected a shrine dome over the tomb of Imam Al-Hadi was his son Imam Al-Nasser Ahmed when he expanded his father's mosque from the east side between the hijri years (299 and 325 H). This dome remained standing until it was demolished by the Judge Mutahar Bin Trik, who died in 748 H (1347 AD). Later on, judge Trik erected a dome in the place of the oldest one but with a different architecture design than the first dome.

Again, the dome was demolished and rebuilt upon an order of Imam Al-Mahdi Ali Bin Muhammad Before 773 H (1371 AD) Because It Was Only Erected Over the Tomb of Imam Al-Hadi. Three shrine domes were also built and attached to the new erected dome, exactly over the graves of Imam Al-Nasser Ahmed the son of Imam Al-Hadi from the west, and Imam Al-Mokhtar the son of Imam Al-Nasser from the east. And the Tiberian martyrs from the south.
These domes remained standing until the construction renewing of the shrine dome of Imam Al-Nasser by prince Ahmed Bin Al-Qasim in 1030 H (1621 AD).
As a result of the architecture disruption of Imam Al-Hadi dome and the attached domes, they were rebuilt again by Ali Bin Ahmed Bin Al-Qasim, in 1108 H (1696 AD).

This research aims at finding out the effectiveness of teaching a computerized program in developing among the skill fun tonal grammar the secondary grade students at the Secretariat of the Capital Sana'a schools. To accomplish this objective، the researcher has developed among the skill fun tonal grammar suitable for the level of first secondary grade students and a computerized program to develop such skills as well as an achievement test. Two methodological approaches have been followed in this research، namely: the quasi-experimental approach as well as the descriptive analytical approach، to measure the effectiveness of the computerized program (the treatment). The population is all schools at Al-Sabeen Educational District - the Capital of Sana'a. Khadija Bint Khuwailid School was selected as a representative sample. Many findings have been concluded، the most significant of which are:

• Building a complete list of skill fun tonal grammar (written، mental and tasting)، needed for the first secondary grade students، for which the present research aims to develop among the target students.
• The effectiveness of the computerized program in the development skill fun tonal grammar (written، mental and tasting)، among the first secondary grade students، in

 mendations have been suggested based on the obtained findingsreco the following   

   findings:

  . Activating the role of technological media when teaching Arabic language، particularly with the Linguistic subjects of Syntax angy.

   Adopting a new teaching mechanism through the use of computer، breaking up the traditional routine used in teaching.

The results of the comprehensive restriction of what was found in the holdings of the Yemeni museums resulted in the registration of more than twelve metal swords, the majority of which were made from the formation of one piece of iron, and its history dates back, according to preliminary estimates, to the first centuries, at the very least. With regard to the pieces of bronze swords, especially those that are characterized by being crescent -shaped handles; The study showed that these pieces have symbolic connotations as they were used as symbols (ornamental weapons and rituals). In fact, it was not actually intended for use.

 The results of the examination of samples taken from some of the beam swords, which were covered with a thin layer of bronze alloy, indicate that it contains within its metal composition a certain percentage of the gold element. The laboratory analysis also showed the proportions of mixing the rest of the metal elements involved in the bronze alloy composition in which some valuable swords handle, which were inlaid from the sides with tapes and miniatures of gold, ivory, and precious stones.