Sana'a University Journal of Human Sciences

internet addiction and several variables (gender, major, place of residence,) among students at Dhamar University

Hamoud Eithah salih Al-Dhabiani

The current study aimed to examine the relationship between. The study sample consisted of 1,000 students: 540 males and 460 females, from all academic majors. The study tools included the Internet Addiction Scale, which consisted of 20 items. To achieve the study's objectives, the researcher used the descriptive correlational approach. The study's results revealed the following:

- The rate of internet addiction was 25.8% among the study sample.

- There was a statistically significant difference between male and female students in the degree of internet addiction, in favor of male students.

- There were statistically significant differences among Dhamar University students on the Internet Addiction Scale based on their academic major (scientific or literary), in favor of students in scientific majors.

- There were statistically significant differences among Dhamar University students on the Internet Addiction Scale based on their place of residence (rural or urban), in favor of urban students.

The study aimed to identify the impact of strategic planning, with its dimensions (environmental analysis, strategic orientation, and strategy formulation), in achieving a competitive advantage, with its dimensions (efficiency, quality, renewal and innovation, and responsiveness to customer needs), in private universities in Sana’a, Yemen. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, using a questionnaire as the research instrument. The study population consisted of 338 academic and administrative leaders from eight private universities that have been established for 15 years or more and have their main headquarters in Sana’a. The study employed a census survey, with 287 valid questionnaires available for analysis, representing 85% of the study population. The results showed a statistically significant impact of strategic planning on achieving a competitive advantage in Yemeni private universities. The study recommended several measures, including enhancing current strategies, adopting flexible strategies capable of adapting to internal and external environmental changes, improving universities' responsiveness to customer needs, developing educational programs that align with labor market requirements, continuously enhancing quality, and expanding employee participation in strategic planning processes.

This research aims to study the abandoned words between two generations in the dialects of Ibb Governorate, using the descriptive analytical approach. The research is divided into an introduction that clarifies the reasons for the research, its objectives, its problem, its importance and its methodology. It also includes three chapters. The first chapter deals with the abandoned words between classical Arabic and Yemeni dialects. The second chapter deals with the abandoned words in classical Arabic, and the third chapter deals with the abandoned words in non-classical Arabic The types of abandoned words in the dialects studied are: abandoned in pronunciation, abandoned in meaning, abandoned in both pronunciation and meaning. The forms of abandoned words are: abandoned from eloquent to eloquent, abandoned from eloquent to non-eloquent, abandoned from non-eloquent to eloquent, and abandoned from non-eloquent to non-eloquent. Most of the voiced words were non-eloquent, and most of the new usage of voiced words is eloquent.

The study aimed to study and analyze the role of social responsibility of the Hayel Saeed Anam Companies in the capital Sana'a in achieving sustainable development in Yemeni society, by determining the level of community participation of the group in financing and adopting economic, social and environmental projects and initiatives that benefit all members of society. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach, and data was collected using a questionnaire tool that was distributed in (15) companies of the Hail Saeed Anam Group of Companies in the capital Sana'a. The study sample consisted of (344) individuals, who were selected through the comprehensive inventory method for all leaders working in the group's companies. The results of the study concluded that there is a positive role for practicing social responsibility in all its dimensions (economic responsibility, human responsibility, moral responsibility, legal responsibility) in sustainable development in several aspects such as financing projects and community initiatives that include providing food and living needs, and adopting economic initiatives that support the provision of income for members of society, in addition to providing projects for health, educational and environmental services. The economic responsibility dimension had the highest contributions compared to the rest of the dimensions. While the environmental responsibility dimension was less contributing at the level of economic, social and environmental initiatives and projects in achieving the goals of sustainable development in Yemeni society. The study recommended a number of recommendations, most notably: The importance of focusing the Hayel Saeed Anam Group of Companies in its social responsibility on food provision projects and community aid initiatives for poor families, health and education services and potable water in the most affected directorates and areas.

This study explores the textual structure of Bashshār ibn Burd’s qaṣīda within an analytical framework grounded in New Historicism, as an approach capable of revealing the dimensions of identity conflict between the center and the subaltern. It re-interrogates cultural authority through a reading of the archive as a dynamic arena of conflict and negotiation, rather than a fixed repository of memory.

The study proceeds from the hypothesis that the archive, as a record of events and a space of power, is shaped by dominant forces that determine what is preserved and what is excluded. It draws on the theoretical insights of Jacques Derrida, Stephen Greenblatt, and Gayatri Spivak to demonstrate how Bashshār transforms his Persian archive into a tool of resistance against marginalization, reclaiming the voice of the Persian self in the face of ʿAbbāsid authority.

The analysis is structured around three textual trajectories:

1. Glorious Past and the Power of Memory (verses 1–9): In these lines, the poet evokes symbols of the Persian archive (Kisrā and Sāsān) to assert his cultural superiority, contrasting it with a depiction of the Arabs as backward and nomadic.
2. Archival Argumentation and the Poetics of Negation (verses 10–18): Here, Bashshār employs the rhetoric of negation and repetition to undermine Arab cultural symbols, constructing a counter-discourse that affirms the supremacy of the Shuʿūbī self.
3. The Active Self and the Artifice of Praise (verses 19–32): Praise appears in this section as a deceptive strategy, outwardly aiming to appease authority, while covertly portraying the Persian self as the true agent of historical agency.

The study suggests that Bashshār ibn Burd, through this poem, enacts a resistant act that destabilizes official narratives and reclaims a suppressed civilizational archive. The text thus shifts from mere invective to an ideological proclamation that reconfigures cultural roles and grants the subaltern the authority to deconstruct and reconstruct dominant discourse.

  The study aims to understand the role of strategic orientation in achieving a competitive advantage in private hospitals in the Capital Secretariat, Sana'a. The study adopted a descriptive approach in its survey and correlational forms, and selected a stratified random sample of 15 private hospitals representing 20% of the study population consisting of 75 hospitals. The study used multiple statistical methods such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations using SPSS and SmartPLS programs. The results showed that the dimensions of strategic orientation and competitive advantage achieved high evaluations, with a significant positive impact of strategic orientation on competitive advantage. It was also found that there is a strong relationship between different strategic orientations (vision, mission, goals, market orientation, and technology) and competitive advantage. No statistically significant differences were found based on the age or size of the hospitals. The study recommends improving strategic orientations within hospitals, developing long-term strategic plans, continuously monitoring market needs, and enhancing growth strategies and adapting to market changes.

Study title: Social Responsibility and its Relationship to Ego Flexibility among Second-Year Secondary School Female Students in Hodeidah City.

The current study aimed to reveal the level of social responsibility and ego flexibility and the relationship between them among Second-Year Secondary School Female Students in the city of Hodeidah in the Republic of Yemen. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive correlational approach was used. The study sample consisted of (200) female students from the second year of secondary school, and for the purpose of collecting... In the data, two scales were used: The Social Responsibility Scale and the Ego Resilience Scale. After conducting appropriate statistical treatments for the data entered into the SPSS statistical program, the results of the study showed a high level among second-year secondary school female students on the total score of the Social Responsibility Scale and in the two dimensions of self-responsibility and moral responsibility. And a medium level in the dimension of collective responsibility. Also, the results of the study showed a high level in the total score of the ego flexibility scale and on all dimensions (social flexibility, emotional flexibility, flexibility and mentality). Moreover, the results showed that there is no statistically significant relationship between social responsibility Ego flexibility among second year secondary school female students.

Since the mid-twentieth century، the international community has witnessed a massive information revolution due to the rapid development and scientific and technological progress in the field of information technology، such that it has become a significant force in the hands of states and individuals. As a result of this contemporary scientific and technological progress، criminal methods have emerged using modern technologies that have significantly impacted the issue of protecting rights and freedoms across the digital world. This technology has enabled the violation of individuals' privacy، access to their secrets، and their illegal exploitation. This has led to increased community interest in the right to protect the sanctity of private life at both the international and national levels.

 This study outlines the nature and characteristics of cybercrimes، the forms of cybercrimes، and the international efforts of the United Nations to protect against cybercrimes. It then explains protection against cybercrimes in Egyptian and Yemeni law، as well as international cooperation to combat cybercrimes (security and judicial cooperation).

 The study concludes that technological developments in computers and the Internet have led to the emergence of new technologies used to violate individuals' privacy. This has also led to the emergence of new forms of crimes. Therefore، protection against cybercrimes remains insufficient due to these technologically advanced devices، which can accurately transmit what is happening Behind the walls.

  The study aimed to determine the role of quality of work life in its dimensions (job promotion opportunities, fairness of material and moral incentives, fairness of salaries, supervision style, positive work environment, and social relations) in reducing the phenomenon of job burnout in its dimensions (emotional stress, emotional dullness, and low level of achievement) in private universities in Al-Hodeidah Governorate. The study community represented all private universities in Al-Hodeidah Governorate, numbering (4) private universities. A comprehensive census was conducted to collect data from the study community, numbering (138). The descriptive analytical approach was used in the study. The questionnaire was adopted as a primary tool for collecting information, and (115) questionnaires were retrieved, of which (113) were valid for analysis. To achieve the objectives of the study; The SPSS program was used, and the study reached the most important results: The level of practicing quality of work life in private universities in Al-Hodeidah Governorate was average, and the level of availability of job burnout was weak, there is a statistically significant role for quality of work life in all its dimensions in reducing the phenomenon of job burnout, there are statistically significant differences in the answers of sample members about the level of quality of work life and the level of job burnout attributed to the gender variable, and the variable of length of service at the university, and there are statistically significant differences in the answers of sample members about the level of quality of work life and the level of job burnout attributed to the variable of job title, and through these results the study presented several recommendations, the most important of which are: the necessity for the administrations of private universities in Al-Hodeida Governorate to be keen to increase the level of quality of work life in their universities by adopting quality of work life as an organizational culture among their employees, and for the administrations of private universities to establish a wage and salary system that is compatible with the economic situation of their employees, achieves satisfaction of their needs and desires, and reduces the level of job burnout among them

The study of the communicative dimension in Quranic discourse aims to clarify the concept of communication within the Quran. Using inductive, analytical, and descriptive methods, it reveals that the Quran is structured to convey Allah's message to people, establishing a clear communicative discourse. Communication encompasses verbal, linguistic, figurative, and literal aspects, extending beyond words to include actions and behaviors. It is the exchange of ideas, knowledge, and emotions, encompassing both intellectual and sensory-emotional dimensions.  It involves conveying ideas, experiences, knowledge, and emotions, making it an interactive process influenced by linguistic, psychological, and social factors. Although the word "communication" does not explicitly appear in the Quran, research reveals that communicative features are deeply rooted within it, both at the stem level (و ص ل) - to communicate - in specific and general semantic contexts. The Quran sets guidelines for positive human interactions, addressing human needs through direct discourse and recognizing varying beliefs. It employs eloquent language and high rhetoric in its communication with people, while also engaging with daily societal issues. Additionally, it displays many aspects of warm and intimate discourse with individuals.

This study aimed to identify the degree to which faculty members and their assistants at the Faculty of Education, Sana’a University estimate their level of use of teaching strategies. It also sought to determine whether there are statistically significant differences between avrages of estimation of their level of use and according to the variables of specialization, gender, academic qualification, and academic rank. To achieve this, researcher used the descriptive analytical survey method and developed a questionnaire consisting of 25 items, which was administered to a stratified random sample of 125 faculty members and assistants. The results indicated that the overall level of teaching strategy use was moderate, with a mean score of 2.62. The most frequently used strategies, as perceived by the faculty members, were lecture (direct instruction), dialogue and discussion, and concept mapping, all rated as "very highly used." The least used strategies included: jigsaw, field visits, flipped learning, learning cycle, and the six thinking hats strategy, with "a very weak degree of use." No statistically significant differences were found between the sample members' average estimations of their degree of using teaching strategies according to the gender variable. However, statistically significant differences were found based on academic qualification variable, favoring those with educational qualifications. Additionally, differences were observed based on academic rank, favoring those with higher academic ranks (Professors). The study recommended the use of effective and diverse teaching strategies and the need to train faculty members in their application to enhance professional development in alignment with classroom student numbers and quality assurance and accreditation standards.

  Violations are an important topic in criminal law, and this research aims to examine the principle of legality in offenses, as it is a fundamental pillar in the regulation of crimes and punishments.

Crime, in general, is defined as prohibited actions outlawed by legal provisions, where the legal element is what makes an act unlawful. While the default state of actions is permissibility, certain acts may harm public interests that legislators seek to protect. Thus, legislators intervene by defining specific acts as crimes.

This study focuses on the principle of legality in violations due to its particular relevance to the concept. Several questions arise in this regard:

- Does the principle of legality apply to offenses?

- Is it necessary for a law issued by the legislative authority to determine violations and their punishments, or can executive regulations or decrees suffice?

- Is there cooperation between the two authorities, where the legislative authority sets general rules and leaves the administrative authority to determine the elements constituting the criminal act?

- What does legislative delegation mean? Does it imply that the legislative authority delegates certain powers to the executive authority to define violations?

These aspects will be discussed concisely in this research

This study introduces a novel probability distribution known as the Beta Transmuted Fréchet Distribution (BTFr), which integrates the Rank Transmutation Map (RTM) and Beta Generalized (B-G) techniques with the classical Fréchet (Fr) distribution to enhance the capability and flexibility of statistical modeling for complex data characteristics (e.g., heavy tails and asymmetric skewness). The proposed distribution encompasses several well-known distributions as special cases and is characterized by five parameters, making it more flexible in representing asymmetric skewness and heavy tails compared to classical distributions like the original Fréchet (Fr) and its common generalizations (BFr, TFr, EFr). The study derives the mathematical properties of the new distribution, including survival and hazard functions, moments, quantiles, moment-generating functions, random number generation, and order statistics. Parameter estimation is performed using the maximum likelihood method (MLE), with the observed information matrix employed to estimate approximate variances of the estimators and construct confidence intervals. A simulation study evaluates the performance of the estimators in finite samples and analyzes their asymptotic efficiency, demonstrating their consistency and efficiency. The study also includes a practical application to two real-world datasets to illustrate the significance, efficiency, and utility of the proposed distribution in modeling complex data. The performance of BTFr is compared to its sub-distributions using well-known goodness-of-fit tests and likelihood ratio (LR) tests. The results confirm the superior fit and statistical significance of BTFr in representing and modeling extreme-value data, with the additional parameters providing a meaningful improvement in flexibility compared to its sub-distributions. The study recommends using this distribution in fields such as financial risk analysis and engineering reliability. 

The study aimed to investigate the Role of Ethical Behavior of Workers as an interactive Variable between Marketing Communications & Customer Loyalty to the Brand under the Mediation of Customer Value and Customer Satisfaction (A Field Study on The Telecommunications Sector in Sudan). The study followed the descriptive analytical method & cognitive interaction approach. The study sample consist of (400) Customers. The results indicate there is an indirect (interactive) impact relationship of Marketing Communications in the interaction with Ethical Behavior of Workers in Customer Loyalty to the Brand with a change in the determination coefficient of (0.061), In addition, Customer Value and Customer Satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between Marketing Communications & Customer Loyalty to the Brand with an indirect (mediated) effect of (0.779). The study recommended the need for the Telecommunications Sector in Sudan to care about Marketing Communications and implementing it professionally because of its importance in Customer Loyalty to the Brand, and the need for the Sector to develop appropriate plans and procedures that will overcome the obstacles that face building the Brand properly.

Yemen is home to a substantial collection of tombstones, many of which remain positioned over the graves of their owners whether in cemeteries, within mosques, inside shrine domes annexed to mosques, or housed in independent domes. Among the most prominent sites preserving such artifacts is the Mosque of Prince Al-Hasan bin Al-Qasim in Duran. This study offers a comparative examination of the tombstone of Prince Al-Hasan bin Al-Qasim, currently preserved in the newly constructed Duran Mosque. The tombstone, along with five others, bears the signature of the artisan Qasim bin Mohammed Al-Hilm. These include the tombstones of Prince Al-Husayn bin Al-Qasim (two examples), Prince Ahmad bin Al-Qasim (two examples, one attributed to the same craftsman), Imam Al-Mu'ayyad Billah Mohammed bin Al-Qasim (one example), Lady Taqiyyah bint Shams Al-Din (wife of Imam Al-Qasim bin Mohammed and mother of Imam Al-Mutawakkil 'ala Allah Isma'il bin Al-Qasim), and Imam Yusuf Al-Akbar, known as the caller to Allah. The second tombstone of Prince Al-Hasan, which forms the core of this study, does not bear the artisan’s signature; however, the researcher attributes its craftsmanship to the same individual based on stylistic and material analysis.

The research emphasizes the tombstone’s material composition, structural design, sectional divisions, and inscriptive content. It concludes with an in-depth analysis of thirty-five honorific titles engraved on the tombstone, including four titles documented and studied for the first time.

The study aimed to identify the problems of social war and its effects on the Palestinian family. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was relied upon, and the intentional sample was selected from (25) male and female family cases in the governorates of the Gaza Strip; and the in-depth individual interview tool, focused discussion groups (focus groups) and participatory observation were applied. The study added that the war affected the stability of family members and harmed their living conditions Their demographic situation was disturbed by the ongoing forced displacement from their places of residence to areas that lack the most basic necessities of life, and their feeling of fear and insecurity in achieving an adequate living for the family with the increase in daily burdens on them, and their deprivation of food resources that led to a severe shortage of food and caused them severe malnutrition and the spread of famine that killed them from food insecurity, and their deprivation of the right to education Depriving them of health care services, which led to serious health complications, caused their death without treatment, and the loss of their minimum legitimate rights to equality, and limited their exit from shelters on social media, this doubled the social problems. In light of the results, we recommend the necessity of working to stop the war on Gaza as soon as possible to confront the problems of the social war and its effects on the Palestinian family.

This study aimed to determine the impact of Information Technology (IT) Governance on mitigating financial statement fraud within Yemeni banks, specifically utilizing the COBIT 2019 framework. The research focused on the five key dimensions of IT governance: Plan and Organize, Acquisition and Implement, Delivery and Support, Direct and Monitor, and Evaluate, examining the individual effect of each on reducing financial statement fraud.

A descriptive analytical approach was employed, and a field study was conducted using a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. The study population included employees from 16 Yemeni banks: five Islamic banks, four government and mixed banks, five private commercial banks, and two microfinance banks. Additionally, specialized staff from the Central Bank of Yemen and external auditors of Yemeni banks were included. The study's sample comprised 154 specialists from various departments, including senior management, finance, risk management and compliance, and internal audit, alongside the specialists from the Central Bank of Yemen and external auditors.Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The key findings revealed a strong positive impact of IT governance, as represented by the COBIT 2019 framework, on reducing financial statement fraud in Yemeni banks. Furthermore, the study confirmed that all five dimensions of IT governance (Plan and Organize, Acquisition and Implement, Delivery and Support, Direct and Monitor, and Evaluate) significantly contribute to financial statement fraud reduction, though their degrees of impact varied.

This study explores the theoretical and philosophical foundations of the concept of communicative action in the thought of Jürgen Habermas. It presents communicative action as a philosophical project aimed at addressing the crises of instrumental reason in modern societies. Habermas highlights the central role of language in achieving mutual understanding and promotes a communicative rationality based on dialogue and intersubjective participation rather than control or utility. The research focuses on major themes such as a relation between communicative action and pragmatics, the rationalization of action, the role of understanding, and the concept of the “lifeworld” as a framework for interaction. It also examines the philosophical and linguistic backgrounds that influenced the development of this concept, particularly speech act theory and universal pragmatics. The study concludes that Habermas’ project aims to rebuild the relationship between philosophy and society through communicative reason, enhancing democratic values and restore consideration to the human and social dimensions of philosophy through rational public discourse

   The study aims to identify the level of effectiveness of the in-service qualification program for teachers of primary grades (1-3) in the Faculty of Education at Sana'a University to their professional development, and to identify the differences in the responses of male and female teachers enrolled in the qualification program to the level of effectiveness of the program in their professional development, according to the variables: Gender, educational qualification, and years of experience. The researcher used the mixed method, which is based on combining quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the issue of the study in depth. The researcher prepared a questionnaire to collect quantitative data, which was applied to a purposive sample of all those enrolled in the program, consisting of (40) teachers, and relied in collecting qualitative data on the semi-structured interview conducted on (12) teachers of different levels. The results of the study showed that the level of effectiveness of the in-service rehabilitation program for teachers of grades (1-3) in their professional development came with a high score on the scale as a whole, as well as a high score on all areas of the questionnaire in descending order: First, the area of professional and academic growth, then the area of preparation and planning, followed by the area of student learning and participation, then the area of classroom management and teaching skills, and lastly the area of evaluation of teaching and learning, and the results indicate that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α ≤ 0. 05 between the estimates of in-service teachers of grades (1-3) for the level of effectiveness of the qualification program in their professional development, attributed to the variables of gender, educational qualification and years of teaching experience; as well as the absence of binary or triple interaction relationships between the study variables, and the results of the qualitative study showed the effectiveness of the qualification program in the professional development of male and female teachers, represented in the acquisition of professional, cognitive, skill and value aspects and learning teaching practices. and positive attitudes towards the educational issues that the program focused on.

The study aimed to measure the role various dimensions of strategic leadership in achieving quality of work life of Yemeni private universities in the capital, Sana'a.

The study population consisted of (431) individuals occupying leadership and supervisory roles across (10) Yemeni private universities. The total number of academic and administrative leaders is (431), so a stratified random sample of (203) individuals was selected and target sample for each university was calculated based on the (Kreicie & Morgan) model. (260) questionnaires were distributed, of which (218) questionnaires were retrieved, and were suitable for statistical analysis. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical package for the social sciences and (SPSS) and (SmartPLS 3) program, revealing statistically significant positive effects of strategic leadership with its dimensions in achieving quality of work life. Finally, the study recommended the necessity of enhancing the quality of work life in its various dimensions within private Yemeni universities in the capital secretariat through the promotion of strategic leadership practices.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a training program designed to equip third-grade primary teachers with task analysis skills and active learning strategies for teaching students with mathematics learning disabilities (Dyscalculia). The study adopted a quasi-experimental design using a single-group pre-test/post-test approach, wherein 14 male and female teachers were trained on the targeted skills. To evaluate the teachers' performance, two tools were utilized: a classroom observation checklist and a knowledge and skills test, both assessing the program's effectiveness in imparting task analysis and active learning skills to the teachers. The results revealed a significant and statistically meaningful improvement in the teachers' classroom performance following program implementation, as reflected in their scores on the observation checklist. This confirms the program's effectiveness in developing their skills in task analysis and active learning for teaching mathematics learning disabilities. The study recommends the widespread adoption of teacher training programs that focus on task analysis skills and the integration of active learning strategies in mathematics instruction, emphasizing the importance of utilizing observation checklists as a tool for evaluating and enhancing practical teaching performance

The study aimed to identify the impact of actuarial standards (statistical factors, economic and financial rules, actuarial modeling, and actuarial risks) on the risk management of Yemeni insurance companies across all dimensions. It also aimed to measure the level of implementation of actuarial standards in Yemeni insurance companies and evaluate risk management practices in the companies under study. The study applay the quantitative approach using a descriptive-analytical approach. A questionnaire was used to collect field data from the study population, consisting of thirteen companies—all companies registered with the Yemeni Insurance Federation, with the exception of companies specializing in health insurance was sample of 203 employees in senior and middle management positions in Yemeni insurance companies. The study results showed that the level of implementation of actuarial standards in the companies was average, with variations in the application of the various dimensions, with the "economic and financial rules" and "statistical factors" achieving the highest levels. It also demonstrated a statistically significant positive impact of actuarial standards on improving risk management, particularly in the areas of "statistical factors" and "economic and financial rules." However, weaknesses were noted in the application of actuarial modeling and actuarial risk. The study made several recommendations, including the need to enhance the application of less effective dimensions, such as actuarial modeling, and develop proactive plans to improve liquidity risk management. It also emphasized the importance of integrating regulatory and technical aspects to ensure companies' stability in a changing risk environment.

The aim of the study is to identify the effect of resistance training in improving the speed-specific strength of the youth judo team players. The study sample consisted of (10) youth players registered with the General Judo Federation in the 2024/2025 sports season. They were chosen intentionally and their ages were under (21) years. The researchers used the experimental method, using the pre- and post-measurement method for one experimental group, in order to suit the nature of the study. The aim of the study is to identify the effect of resistance training in improving the speed-specific strength of the youth judo team players. The study sample consisted of (10) youth players registered with the General Judo Federation in the 2024/2025 sports season. They were chosen intentionally and their ages were under (21) years. The researchers used the experimental method, using the pre- and post-measurement method for one experimental group, in order to suit the nature of the study.The researchers recommended that coaches in general, and judo coaches in particular, be made aware of the need to diversify the use of resistance training, given its positive impact on the level of strength, speed, and athletic achievement of young people.

The current research aimed to investigate the effect of different sequences of performance models based on multimedia software on developing recitation and Tajweed skills in the Holy Quran among seventh-grade students in the capital city of Sana'a. The research sample consisted of 60 students from the seventh grade at Al-Mithaq School (governmental) and Al-Qadaa' wal-Irada School (private) in the capital city of Sana'a. The sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group one that studied according to the sequence of performance models (practical demonstration, performance model, performance) consisting of (30) students, and an experimental group two that studied according to the sequence of performance models (performance model, practical demonstration, performance) consisting of (30) students. The researcher applied the research tools, including the achievement test and observation card, to both groups before and after the experiment, The results showed that the students in the second experimental group, who studied according to the sequence of performance models (performance model, practical demonstration, performance), outperformed the students in the first experimental group, who studied according to the sequence of performance models (practical demonstration, performance model, performance), in the post-application of the achievement test and observation card.

 In light of these results, the researcher recommended, and use sequences of performance models in presenting educational content to improve the quality and effectiveness of education.