Drainage of storm water using the cadastral scale of agricultural land in Wadi Dala’ Hamdan (an archaeological study)

Abstract

The study aimed to highlight and clarify the ghayul water drainage systems, which represented the backbone of life and a basic system around which ancient Yemeni societies revolved, including Wadi Dhala’ Hamdan, which has been famous since the dawn of history for its water facilities that were based on precise systems and standards, including the system for knowing time and the system of standards for water distribution and drainage.  The system of area of ​​agricultural land and its use in draining stormwater. The study dealt with three sections, the first of which reviewed the geographic location and historical material of the valley. The second section reviewed the floodwaters of Wadi Dala’ Hamdan and the irrigation system in them. The third section focused on mentioning the measurements of land areas in the valley and how they were used in determining the area of ​​agricultural land, as well as its use in measuring stormwater drainage. The researcher relied on the inductive approach and the analytical approach, as well as the field study by conducting interviews with people related to the problems and solutions. They were interviewed in a way that was not codified with them. Among the most important results that were reached is that the irrigation system in Wadi Hamadan Districts was an ancient system dating back to the period of the Kingdom of Dhu Minarets, which appeared in the fifth century AD. Nine water systems were found that harvested surface water from geological rock layers and used it for irrigation. Irrigation facilities were accompanied by the emergence of other systems such as the water distribution system and the time system.  The system of land area measurements that was used in the area of ​​agricultural land and helped in draining storm water during the formation of cumulus clouds that blocked sunlight from the tools for measuring storm water drainage.