Sana'a University Journal of Human Sciences

The study aims to investigate the impact of information technology in its dimensions (Devices and equipment, Human resources, Software) In the Priorities of Competitive Manufacturing at the Industrial Companies of the Group of Hayel Saeed Anam & Co.- Yemen. The study employed a descriptive analytical approach and utilized a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. the study population represented of all employees in the Industrial Companies of the Group of Hayel Saeed Anam & Co.-Yemen, which amounts to (326) employees. The study relied on the comprehensive enumeration method, resulting in the distribution of (326) questionnaires, of these, (308) were returned, with (301) deemed valid for statistical analysis. The data were processed statistically using SPSS.27. The study has reached a number of findings; the most important of which are: There is a statistically significant positive impact of information technology in its combined dimensions on the Priorities of Competitive Manufacturing at the Industrial Companies of the Group of Hayel Saeed Anam & Co.- Yemen.

Additionally, there is a statistically significant positive impact from the individual dimensions of Devices and equipment, software on Priorities of Competitive Manufacturing. However, the dimension of Human resources did not show a statistically significant effect on Priorities of Competitive Manufacturing when considered alone.

This research aims to introduce Imam Al-Dailami (d. 444 AH) and Imam Al-Mawardi (d. 450 AH), and to explain their agreement in interpretation in the Arabic language through their interpretations: (Al-Burhan, Al-Nukat wa Al-Uyun), from the grammatical, morphological, and phonetic aspects, and the importance of these two books, and their sources, Which are considered important sources in the science of interpretation. The researcher used the descriptive approach , the comparative approach, and the historical method.

The researcher divided the research into two sections. The first included: introducing the two imams Abu al-Fath al-Dailami and Abu Al-Hasan Al-Mawardi and their interpretations, and the second: agreements according to the two imams Abu al-Fath al-Dailami and Abu al-Hasan al-Mawardi on the interpretation in the Arabic language through their interpretations (Al-Burhan and al-Nukat wa al-Uyoun).

 One of the most prominent results reached by the researcher was: This research included (11) issues, including (4) issues on the grammatical side, (4) issues on the morphological side, (3) issues on the phonetic side, it became clear the agreement between the two imams in interpretation in the Arabic language, . In the Arabic language, and it became clear to the two imams that the phenomena of assimilation and syncopating are two phonetic phenomena that occur among the Arabs. The phenomenon of syncopating occurs in Bedouin environments, such as Tamim and Bakr, and the phenomenon of assimilation occurs in urban environments, such as the Hijaz. The two imams discussed the issue of extra letters in the Qur’an and concluded that it is not permissible to cancel the words From human speech, it is more likely in speech of God, as it has become clear that the substitution according to the two imams occurs between the two letters that are close in the noun and unite in the adjective due to a morphological or phonetic relationship between them, such as: (Sijeel - sijeen), (Jibreel - Jibreen), and (Rafl - Rafn).

The study aimed to investigate the impact of training on the quality of health services in private hospitals in the capital, Sana'a. A descriptive and analytical methodology was adopted, using a questionnaire as the primary tool for data collection. The sample consisted of 307 healthcare staff members from eight private hospitals in Sana'a that were rated Category (A). The sample was selected using a simple stratified random sampling method. Statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant impact of training on the quality of healthcare services in the hospitals under study. However, there were no differences in the level of healthcare service quality attributable to organizational variables, such as the hospital’s age and size. Based on these findings, the study offered several recommendations, most notably the need for senior management in private hospitals to prioritize training, as it is an effective means of improving service quality and performance. It also emphasized the importance of accurately identifying training needs.

The study dealt with the root (FRᶜ) in the ancient Yemeni inscriptions, It showed that this root was and still one of the living expressions in the Yemeni linguistic heritage, because it was subject to the use of speakers and the conditions of time and place, so it developed and changed in its morphological structure (FARAᶜ,TAFFRAᶜA, TEFFRAᶜ YAFFRAᶜ, HFARAᶜ, FARᶜ, ALFAREᶜ, MUFAREᶜ, MAFAREᶜ, MAFAREᶜAT) and acquired semantic shades, with sensory and moral characteristics that kept it away from its original use, a little or a lot.

The study also showed that the ancient Yemenis used to call the early things and their beginnings a branch, which is a sensual signification from which they derived the rest of the intangible connotations of most of the words derived from the same root, as the signification of height in the votive inscriptions expressed by the name of the ancient Yemeni deity "FARᶜ" ending with the extra letter N at the end to denote the definition, i.e., "ALFARᶜ or the highest" And the connotation of leadership and taking responsibility for reconciliation between members of society and solving their problems that the term carried Social (FRᶜAN), and it differs from the connotation of arrogance, arrogance, and loftiness with which the pharaoh, derived from the same root, was described in the heavenly books and in the dictionaries of the Arabic language.

This study was carried out in the Al-Sahool Basin-Ibb Governorate with the aim of estimating the volume of surface runoff in the basin, which is one of the important basins with high rainfall. Its area is )433.5(km2. The importance of this study is to find solutions to the water problem in the basin by knowing the extent of the existing water gap between water withdrawal from groundwater reservoirs, and water recharge from rain through estimating the depth and volume of surface runoff in the basin, based on the USA Soil Conservation Hypothesis(SCS-)CN).which is known as the curve number method for estimating the volume of runoff surface, analyze Land cover data from Sentinel 2 satellite images as well as soil texture data. And determining the hydrological groups. All of these analyzes were done using GIS geographic information system and RS remote sensing techniques. The results of the study showed that the curve number values range between (49-98) with the value (49) representing areas of groundwater recharge, while the value (98) represents areas of surface runoff generation. The results also showed that the depth of annual surface runoff reached (20642.7) mm, and its volume reached (8947.6) during the study period)2000-2020(.

Through this scientific research, the researcher sought to highlight the achievement of a part of a distinguished jurisprudential scientific book of the Aishen label: The Book of Sunni Talents Explained the Urban Introduction.

Our objective in this research is to work towards achieving a chapter of this book in order to complete its full realization and dissemination of the distinguished scientific legacy of civilization. in addition to making an effort to make the most of this unique book, The problem of research was the quest to know Sheikh Baashan, his jurisprudence, his writing of Sunni talents and his jurisprudence in the investigative part And we came up with the result of this research to introduce the sign to living and writing his Sunni talents, In addition to deciphering the verified part of that book, the researcher has conducted his investigation work by attributing Quranic verses to her wall, The graduation of prophetic hadiths and commentary on some questions of jurisprudence. In this research, the researcher used the descriptive and historical curriculum. The research was divided into researchers: The first research introduces Sheikh Al-Marah Baashan and his book Sunni talents, and the second research achieves (prayer contraindications) of the book Prayer of Sunni Talents Explanation of the Urban Introduction.

The study aims to identify the role of strategic agility in its dimensions (clarity of vision and objectives, strategic sensitivity, intrinsic capabilities, shared responsibility, making appropriate decisions) in achieving competitive advantage (quality, cost, differentiation in the services provided) in Yemeni banks operating in the capital municipality, Sana'a. The has study used the descriptive analytical approach and relied on the questionnaire as a tool for data collection in 2024. The results show a positive correlation between strategic agility and competitive advantage in Yemeni banks operating in the capital municipality, where the value of (R) is (%73.1), and that the role of strategic agility in achieving competitive advantage is statistically significant, and the size of the role (f²) reached (%15), and that the change in competitive advantage is explained by the change in strategic agility (R²) by (%53.5). The dimensions of strategic agility (clarity of vision and objectives, intrinsic capabilities, and making appropriate decision) have a statistically significant role in achieving competitive advantage in Yemeni banks. However, the dimensions of strategic agility (strategic sensitivity and shared responsibility) do not have a statistically significant role and the researchers attribute the lack of a role for them to the type of statistical test used, which is the analysis of the path that has taken all the dimensions of strategic agility as a single block and linking the relations between them with the competitive advantage as a single bloc, which ignores their individual role in achieving competitive advantage. The study recommends that Yemeni banks should prepare training courses in the field of strategy and focus on strategic agility as a contemporary management philosophy and directed this to workers at all administrative levels to introduce them to its concept, dimensions, elements and characteristics as one of the sources of achieving competitive advantage. Yemeni banks should also train staff on how to properly apply strategic agility.

This research aims to know the educational role achieved by the national case management system for vulnerable children in the Republic of Yemen in the field of reducing the phenomenon of school dropout and the field of providing educational assistance to vulnerable children in schools and the field of creating an attractive educational and family environment. The researcher used the descriptive survey method and used the questionnaire as a main method to collect primary data. The researcher reached a number of results, the most important of which are: that all three research areas of the educational role of the national case management system for vulnerable children in the Republic of Yemen exist with a" medium" degree of availability and an arithmetic mean (3.4) and a standard deviation (1.17) and a relative weight (68.4%). Also, the national case management system for vulnerable children in the Republic of Yemen has a positive and tangible role in the field of" creating an attractive educational and family environment" , as this area came in first place in the results of the answers of the research sample members with a" high" degree of availability and an arithmetic mean (3.65) and a standard deviation (0.94) and a relative weight (73.1%)..

dimensions (strategic orientation, core capabilities, human capital development, organizational culture, ethical practices, and balanced organizational control) on the occupational health and safety system (OHSS) in Yemeni hospitals in the city of Hodeidah. The study followed a descriptive-analytical approach and developed a questionnaire as a tool for data collection. The study population consisted of all administrative and medical leaders working in Yemeni hospitals in Hodeidah, totaling (378) individuals. Given the small size of the study population, a census sampling method was used. After distributing the questionnaire to the sample, (323) valid responses were retrieved for analysis.

The study findings showed a statistically significant positive impact of strategic leadership, with all its dimensions, on the occupational health and safety system. However, the impact of the different dimensions of strategic leadership varied. The most influential dimension was "balanced organizational control," followed by the dimensions of "ethical practices," "strategic orientation," "core capabilities," and "organizational culture," respectively. The results also indicated that there was no significant impact of the "human capital development" dimension on the occupational health and safety system in Yemeni hospitals in Hodeidah.

The Other constitutes an important part that cannot be ignored of our lives, whether it is an individual, a party, a religion, a sect, a denomination, a people, or a nation. We interact with it as individuals, as peoples, or as nations: We intertwine with them, get influenced by them, and influence them. It is impossible to eliminate it or separate from it except through a caesarean operation where one party dies, and perhaps both parties die together.

There is a mutual relationship between the self and the Other. If we want to understand ourselves and our identity, we need to familiarize ourselves with the Other who is different from us in order to know what distinguishes us from them.

Diversity is one of Allah’s laws in the universe, and it will continue until the Day of Resurrection in accordance with the will of the Creator (Glory be to Him). This diversity leads to mutual recognition, integration, harmony, and cooperation, in order to manifest the image of life as intended by the Creator of life (Glory be to Him).

Making acquaintance of someone different is inherently rooted in the Quran and forms the foundation for human relationships across people who are racially, religiously, culturally, and civilizationally different. Making such acquaintance is a necessity, not a luxury, driven by our shared origin and common humanity. Furthermore, it is a means to surpass superficial differences and achieve a collective understanding, as it promotes integration and cooperation and transcends hostility and conflict.

The relationship between Islam and the Other has evolved since the beginning of the Islamic call, depending on the response of the Other to that call, whether peaceful or confrontational. The Holy Quran affirms this in many Quranic verses.

This research aims to demonstrate that the collective writing of a singular narrative text results in a significant condensation of the interplay of literary genres, leading to a destabilization of its belonging to any of the recognized narrative genres. Proving this necessitated the adoption of (Structural Poetics) and (Textual Analysis) following the perspective of (Roland Barthes) as methodological procedures to examine the possibility of categorizing the collective narrative text. We have chosen "Kahanouf " as a field of application because it represents one of the most collectively written narrative texts, with nineteen writers collaborating in its composition. In order to categorize this collective text, it was imperative to begin with a theoretical discussion addressing the following: the distinction between individual and collective composition of texts, collective texts in Arabic literature, the difference between the concept of genre in literary theory and the various proposals for categorization in Structural Poetics and Textual Analysis, implication of categorization transformations, the generic nature of novels, and its modes of categories.

In the applied section, our endeavor focused on categorizing "Kahanouf" following an analysis of its narrative thresholds, mediators, narrators, the protagonist, his locations, voices, and techniques. We concluded that narrative texts are either individual or collective, with collective narratives being either “participatory”, “shared”, or “interactive”. The act of writing "Kahanouf" was indeed a collective participatory literary act that worked towards destabilizing the familiar narrative structure found in individual texts. Instead, it replaced it with a holistic structure that brought the text together in a duality of impasse and resolution, through the interplay of genres, themes, and techniques that led to propose a new category of "Kahanouf" which we have termed: “The Archipelago Novel”.

The study aimed to know the impact of strategic intelligence in achieving competitive advantage by applying it to Yemeni telecommunications companies from the point of view of executive directors, general managers, department directors, department managers, and department heads, in the Yemeni telecommunications companies, namely Saba Phone, Yemen Mobile, and the United Yemeni Omani Company(YOU) in its main centers in Sana'a, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method and the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data from a sample of (465) individuals, and the study concluded in its results that the arithmetic mean value of the tool as a whole reached (5.08) ,and standard deviation(0.91), and the level of importance was (72%) ,and with a rather large verbal meaning. The field of competitive advantage ranked first with an arithmetic mean (5.19), and the level of importance was (74%) with a rather large verbal significance, the field of strategic intelligence came in second and last place, where its arithmetic average reached (4.97), and the level of importance was (71%), and with a rather large verbal meaning. The results also showed the presence of a significant statistically effect at the significance level (0.05≥α) for strategic intelligence in competitive advantage.

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah, and blessings and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah, his family, his companions, and all who follow his guidance until the Day of Judgment.

This research aims to introduce the imam Abu al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Shaqifi and highlighted the importance of patience in the face of hardships and trials, specifically discussing patience in times of affliction. These themes are two chapters of his manuscript, which this study seeks to analyze and verify.

The researcher has relied on the historical method for translating the manuscript and has followed a rigorous methodology in verification, which includes comparing multiple versions, documenting discrepancies, and presenting the text accurately as intended by the original author. Essential to this scholarly verification are annotations, documentation, tracing of hadiths and historical narrations, and the translation of names. The work also involves explaining difficult or obscure terms and clarifying references to places and locations.

The research aims to introduce one of the scholars of Yemen's Zaydi tradition and to highlight his scholarly contributions in serving and promoting religion.

- The study concludes that this manuscript is rich with diverse spiritual insights, varied benefits, and foundational theological and jurisprudential matters in religion.

- The care taken by Muslim scholars in upholding and spreading the religion, including the scholars of Yemen, is evident. This manuscript highlights the author's efforts in this endeavor.

- Imam Abu al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Shaqifi was a scholar of the 8th century and one of the prominent figures in the Zaydi school. Though he may be considered a relatively obscure scholar, he has works that bear testimony to his knowledge, including this particular manuscript.

- The significance of patience in Islam and its importance during hardships, trials, and tribulations is evident from the numerous verses, hadiths, and sayings of the Companions and their successors that emphasize patience.

- The research concluded with a set of recommendations as outlined in the conclusion. I ask Allah to make it beneficial. May peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and all his companions.

This research paper seeks to provide a philosophical and scientific explanation of what philosophers and biologists mean when they talk and argue about/and about reductionism and its limits, and the inadequacy of explaining the behavior of complex biological systems. Biologists' debates, at present, have focused on partial explanatory and methodological reductionism, that is, molecular explanatory reductionism: whether all biological explanations can be reduced to partial genetic explanations or explanations of lower-level properties of the system.

But, it turns out, things are only more complicated. It has been realized that the relationship between genes and phenotypic traits is much more complex than the partial reductionist picture suggests, and, moreover, that the behavior of complex, multi-level systems cannot be studied and explained fruitfully and adequately using partial reductionist methods of explanations, because higher-level or environmental factors cannot Ignore it or simplify it.

 The prevailing opinion in biological sciences to move beyond reductionism is that describing and explaining the behaviors of complex biological systems requires combining partial quantitative data with causal theoretical-conceptual models.

The study aimed to identify the role of Management Information Systems in developing administrative performance at the Social Fund for Development in Yemen. The quantitative approach was adopted with its descriptive and analytical style, and information was collected through a questionnaire distributed to a stratified random sample consisting of (175) individuals from the employees of the Social Fund for Development. Data analysis was based on the use of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, 27). The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: The reality of using of Management information systems at the Social Fund for Development was high in all its dimensions except for the dimension of individual skills with a medium verbal meaning. The level of administrative performance at the Social Fund for Development in all its dimensions was generally medium. It also concluded that there is a statistically significant role of Management information systems in all its dimensions on the administrative performance of the Social Fund for Development - Yemen. Based on these findings, the researcher reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: The Social Fund for Development should continuously evaluate Management Information Systems and work to update them whenever necessary so that they can provide the necessary information at the appropriate time, quantity and speed.

This study aims to assess and evaluate the quality of Abdullwahab Al-Maqaleh's Translation of idiomatic expressions and culture-bound Terms of Dave Eggers's Novel "The Monk of Mokha" by using House's (2015) Translation Quality Assessment Model. The descriptive analytical methodology is used in this study. The analysis is divided into two sections. The first section analyzes the source text and target text according to their register and genre. The analysis of the source text and target text shows a number of mismatches and errors (overtly erroneous errors) along these dimensions. The second section categorizes the related overt errors into five categories: not translated, slight change of meaning, significant change of meaning, breach of the target language system, and creative translation. The study shows that the target text has many mismatches at the level of field, tenor, and mode, such as lexical and syntactic mismatches. It reveals that many cultural terms were translated literally and did not reflect the intended meaning of the source text.

The problem of study lies in question that is the nature of the implications The talks between Sana'a and Riyadh because of the position of the Government of Sana'a from Floating maximum? The study was targeted to: monitoring, analyzing and evaluating both position Sana'a from a flood of myself, or the course of the talks after the deceased. Used systems approach, being based on inputs whether from the environment Interior Yemen or coming crisis from the international and regional external environment Such as the Gardening War on the Gaza Strip and its US participation, which led to such a position from Sana'a. The study was reached a number of results: The position of Sana'a has been praised of the talks and significantly signed it, and that its success has become linked Sana'a stops for operations. The recommendations made by the must import:

1-The Government of Sana'a must continuation of talks with Saudi Arabia.

2 –good truncation that security and stability to Yemen consistent to achieve the political solution to the Yemeni crisis, and the future of this solution in maintaining on the Yemen unit.

3- All The Yemeni parties shall follow the dialogue method of Civilization is purposeful and build in the treatment of old, modern and future Crisis with availability to each other.

The issue of literal translation, especially in the context of the Qur’anic text, raises polarized arguments among translation scholars and practitioners. Orthodox Muslim scholars have fundamentally different views on the permissibility of literal translation of the Holy Qurʼān meanings, with the majority rejecting it. However, they approved translations that heavily relied on literal translation and deemed them reliable. This study aims to explore the various opinions of Muslim scholars regarding the literal translation of the Holy Qurʼān meanings, and provide a reconciliation of theoretical stances on literal translation with practical attitudes towards endorsed translations. A literature review of the debates surrounding literal translation, along with a critical reading of texts from a translation science perspective, reveals a potential misconception among Muslim scholars regarding the concepts of literal translation and word-for-word translation. While the vast majority of Muslim scholars maintained reservations, some accurately defined literal translation, supporting its use over other translation methods when possible. The research advocates for a dire assessment of literal translation, drawing from authenticated translations. By addressing the misconceptions of literal translation, it aims at a nuanced understanding of literal translation, which will help improve scholarly understanding and fortify the theoretical underpinnings for practical and theoretical translation initiatives.

John Locke's philosophy, as argued by Graham A. J. Rogers (Oct 24, 2024), represents a pivotal shift in Enlightenment thought, emphasizing individual rights, empiricism, and the social contract (Britannica). His revolutionary ideas challenge the divine right of kings and advocate for government as a protector of life, liberty, and property. Locke's Two Treatises of Government is a foundational text in political philosophy that articulates a revolutionary framework for understanding government and individual rights. In the first treatise, Locke critiques the divine right of kings, arguing against the notion that monarchs possess inherent divine authority over their subjects. In the second treatise, Locke outlines his vision of a civil society formed through a social contract, where individuals consent to surrender some freedoms in exchange for the protection of their fundamental rights by a government. He argues that if a government fails to uphold these rights or acts against the interests of its citizens, the people have the right to revolt and establish a new government. This philosophical revolution has had a profound and lasting impact on the development of modern political thought, particularly in the context of revolutions, constitutions, human rights, and the establishment of liberal democracies.

Popular proverbs reflect the knowledge, culture, beliefs, contradictions, attitudes, and common behaviors of societies. These proverbs permeate most aspects of social life, serving as a mirror to various life experiences and situations. They even act as a guide to behavior, presenting a model encapsulated in concise words with a pleasant musical rhythm. This is because proverbs are a recurring oral tradition that preserves the minutest rituals and diverse practices. In Yemeni culture and popular heritage, women have a significant share of these proverbs, which depict their reality in various ways, whether positive or negative. The study employed the descriptive analytical method, one of the most commonly used approaches in social studies. The study aimed to identify popular proverbs in Yemeni society and to examine the image of Yemeni women in these proverbs. It concluded that most of the popular proverbs offer a pessimistic view of women, portraying them in a negative mental image. A woman's acceptance of society's view of her further deepens this perception. The study recommends raising social awareness among individuals by paying attention to popular culture and the role of women in society, especially among the general and lower classes of society..

The aim of this research is to identify the features and specifications of the Prophetic Muhammadiyah school of leadership through its most prominent models, especially its first pioneer and its finest and most complete model, the Prophet of this nation, its leader and its role model, Muhammad the Chosen One, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace, and then the other model that represents a sound extension.

An embodiment of the Muhammadiyah school in its features and characteristics, and a pioneer in the field of leadership and theorizing of it, he is Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him. The researcher in this matter adopted the descriptive and inductive approaches, and the research consisted of two main axes:

The first axis: The Messenger, the leader, Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, and the characteristics and characteristics of his leadership.

The second axis: Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (a model witness to the greatness of religion and the influence of the Muhammadiyah school)

Each of these two topics included several topics that demonstrated the characteristics and characteristics of leadership among the Holy Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, as well as Imam Ali, peace be upon him. The study concluded with the results and recommendations mentioned at the end of the research.

This study reviewed the set of legal rules and controls in Yemeni legislation, which all came together to protect trademarks from fraud and imitation, protecting the rights of international companies in the first place, and the rights of licensed companies, or those who created their trademarks in accordance with the legal controls contained in Yemeni legislation, consistent with international agreements, and at the same time protecting the public from counterfeit and fake goods. The study concluded a number of results, the most important of which are: that the protection rules, even in Yemeni law, were not based on humanitarian considerations, ethical rules, and fair principles that address the economic problems of poor countries, and remove obstacles to the flow of goods produced in them to other developed countries and develop the capabilities of emerging industries in Third World countries. Rather, they primarily took into account the rights of Western companies without taking into account their impact on the national economic situation, and what they produce in terms of dependency in the production policy and import of raw materials. The same is the case in organizing the rights of international companies that own famous trademarks, and that it is not easy for developing countries to impose their will on producing countries in licensing contracts, since protection is basically for industrial property rights, subject to the will of the strong party. - Cross-border companies, and the study recommended that Yemen should have a flexible policy to achieve the national dimension, in order to achieve the greatest possible benefit made available to Yemen under the accession protocol. The research reached the rules of possible treatments to protect unregistered trademarks, and trademarks registered in Aden and Sana'a before unification.

Conjunctives are usually assumed to be cohesive devices that are readily moveable to different places within a sentence (for example, Halliday and Matthiessen 2004; Thompson 2004). However, this assumption is based on observations about frequent profiles of all conjunctives across all types of sentences. No study has attempted a systematic analysis of the occurrences of particular conjunctives in particular types of sentences to examine the extent to which the moveability of those conjunctives to their frequent places in a sentence is possible; nor, to the best of my knowledge, has any study attempted to exactly identify the types of contextual factors that may dictate the appropriate placements of a conjunctive.  The present study attempts to accomplish a systematic analysis of the occurrences of particular conjunctives in particular types of sentences to examine the extent to which the moveability of those conjunctives to their frequent places in a sentence is possible. It aims to identify the types of contextual factors that may dictate the appropriate placements of a conjunctive. It also aims to find out the pedagogical implications for EFL learners on the basis of the results, the present paper argues that the moveability and the placement of a conjunctive within a sentence appear to be more often than not restricted and determined by certain syntactic and/or pragmatic constraints. The paper also argues that it is such constraints that ESL/EFL learners need to be aware of should they wish to choose the appropriate placement of a conjunctive within a sentence in a manner that is felicitous and conforms to the expectations of the academic community.

Since the right to a trademark: is a moral interest recognized by law through its registration, which entails authority, entitling its owner - the person in whose name it is registered - the right to dispose of the trademark registered in his name, and to benefit from it, use it, and exploit it. It also confers on him the exclusive right to prevent others who have not obtained his approval from using it. Trade marks that are identical or similar to them. Because every right is accompanied by a duty; It is the duty of others (among its competitors) to respect that right, and any violation of that duty is considered an infringement and unfair competition for the trademark. Because this infringement may be done by imitating the trademark; Therefore, this research dealt with the study of trademark counterfeiting as a form of unfair trademark competition in Yemeni law, in two sections. The first section dealt with: the concept of trademark counterfeiting, so it explained the definition of trademark counterfeiting and its standards, and the second section dealt with: the conditions for counterfeiting as a form of unfair competition. We arrived at results and recommendations. The results are that the laws did not define trademark imitation as a form of unfair competition. They did not define it and did not specify its standards or conditions. As for the recommendations, since the Yemeni legislator Counterfeiting is not defined as a form of unfair competition for a trademark, so we suggest adding a definition that includes the definition and conditions for counterfeiting as a form of unfair competition for a trademark in Article (3) of the Trademark Law regarding definitions, as follows: Counterfeiting a trademark: is a commercial fabrication. - Unauthorized - for a mark similar to the registered mark for the purpose of using it on goods or services similar or similar to those for which the mark was registered when such use could lead to the possibility of confusion and misleading among the public.