Features of the Judicial System in the Era of Imam Ali, May Good be Pleased with him A Study in the History and Philosophy of Legal System

Abstract

This paper examines an important historical document that represents a significant human heritage: the message sent by Imam Ali, may God be pleased with him, to Al-Ashtar Al-Nakh’i, the governor of Egypt. The message outlines fundamental principles of governance, politics, judiciary, and state administration, as well as guidance on how to interact with subjects. The focus of this study is on the judicial aspect, particularly in relation to the modern foundation of administrative judiciary known as the judiciary of grievances. The paper analyzes the characteristics of the judiciary of grievances presented in the historical document, exploring three main thematic axes and drawing important conclusions and recommendations.