Sana'a University Journal of Human Sciences

The study aimed to identify the nature of social responsibility and reveal its elements and functions, in addition to identifying the social responsibility of the social worker in the school and revealing the factors that affect the achievement of the social responsibility of the social worker in the school. The study found that the school social worker has multiple responsibilities that begin with his responsibility towards himself, his students, his colleagues, his profession, and the institution in which he works. The study also showed that the social responsibility of the school social worker is achieved through several factors, including factors related to the personality of the social worker himself, such as (experience, education, etc.), And factors related to the institution in which he works, i.e. the school, including (school atmosphere, incentives, management, capabilities and resources... and others). The social responsibility of the school social worker is also carried out through three main aspects: the structural and developmental aspect, the preventive aspect, and the therapeutic aspect.

This research deals with Imam Ibn Hajar Al-Haytami and his concern for alerting the jurisprudential differences in the issues of the Shafi’i school of thought, as he devoted himself to the Shafi’i school of thought, reading, investigation, teaching and classification, until he became one of the scholars who are referred to as Lebanon in this science, and his books and compilations were among the most important that was authored in Shafi’i jurisprudence, and he played a great scientific role in his attention to the jurisprudential differences, and those interested in the study of jurisprudence touch this matter through what has been recorded of discussions and interpretations in his works, especially with regard to what was included in the major jurisprudential fatwas. This prompted the researcher to pay attention to the books and works of Ibn Hajar and read them, and to work on excavating what was contained in them of essential matters in the Shafi’i jurisprudence. Which scientists cared about, and they praised the great scientific role played by Ibn Hajar in this field.

All the laws are unanimous that issuing cheques without a sufficient fund to pay them is an illegal act or an offence punishable by law. Although the laws and legislations are unanimous that issuing cheques without a sufficient fund is an offence, some legislations deal with the provisions of this offence in the penal code while other legislations deal with them in the commercial code. However,

• Yemeni legislator has regulated the provisions of this offence in both Yemeni Penal Code (Article No. 311) and Yemeni Commercial Code (Article No. 805 & Article No. 809),
• Egyptian legislator dealt with the provisions of issuing cheques without a sufficient fund in Egyptian Penal Code (Article No. 337). And when the new Egyptian Commercial Code No. (17) was issued in 1999, the Egyptian legislator dealt with the provisions of this offence in the Egyptian Commercial Code (Article No. 534) after article 337 had repealed from the Egyptian Penal Code,
• Emirati legislator also dealt with the provisions ofissuing cheques without a sufficient fundin the first UAE Penal Code. Then he regulated the provisions of this offence by Federal Decree Law No. (14) of 2020, amending some provisions of the UAE Commercial Transactions Law No. (18) of 1993 after the articles 401, 402 and 403 had repealed from the (UAE) Penal Code No. (3) of 1987, and
• Kuwaiti legislator has regulated the provisions of issuing cheques without a sufficient fund in the Kuwaiti Penal Code (Article No. 16) of 1960 and has amended articles (237), (237 bis), (237 bis A) and (237 bis B).

The current research aims to identify the level of "meaning of life" among displaced Yemeni women in Sana’a Governorate and the capital secretariat, and to identify differences in the level of "meaning of life" according to the variable (age- educational level-social status- duration of displacement). The researcher used the descriptive approach, and the research sample consisted of (500) A displaced woman was selected by a stratified random method, and the researcher used the meaning of life scale prepared by (Mohmad Hassan Al-Abyad, 2010 AD). The results of the research showed that the level of meaning of life among displaced women is positive and above average. The results showed that there are differences in the level of meaning of life? among displaced women according to the variable (age and level of Educational and social status), and there are no statistically significant differences in the level of the meaning of life depending on the variable (the time period of displacement). The researcher recommends establishing guidance programs, programs and courses to enhance and strengthen the meaning of life among displaced Yemeni women and educate them on the importance of meaning in life, develop plans, set goals and strive to achieve them as much as possible. The importance of finding meaning in suffering, discovering and enhancing strengths, developing weaknesses, and developing capabilities and skills.

In this study, the researcher discussed his efforts to bring the concept of (change) and (Modification) to light. In a good formulation - as the researcher thinks it is - the compositions of the linguistic root in all its conjugations are proportional to the origin of the linguistic derivation of each of them. This is what enabled the researcher to find points of convergence between them - (Relationship) - as well as separation, after he fought between them some - who wrote in this art - and others did not differentiate between them; They made them one thing.

Then the researcher projected all these data, with their details and exact reasons, on the principle (the survival of the state in man is impossible) in his creation, his upbringing, and the stages of his development (Growth), as a form of change and change existing in him, which is indispensable for him in preserving his survival for a specified term with Him, Glory be to Him, which is The image indicating the necessity of his need and lack of the divine Sunnah (change and change) that God decreed in him, and if it were not for it, he would not have existed in this existence.

Then the researcher directed the manifestation of this image in the small cosmic body (man) as an indication of the oneness of God Almighty who rose by himself. Since God was and was nothing with Him, and God was and was nothing before Him, without His need, want, and lack of this Sunnah that man has established, then He, Glory be to Him, changes and does not change, annihilates and does not perish, perishes and does not perish.

This study aimed to determine the impact of total quality management (TQM) with its dimensions (top management support, continuous improvement, management with facts and data, feedback) on strategic performance. The study also aimed to identify the level of application of (TQM) and the level of strategic performance in Yemeni telecommunications companies in the capital secretariat of Sana’a.

The study used a quantitative research method, through which the descriptive analytical method was used. The questionnaire was used as a main tool to collect the data necessary for the purposes of this study.

The study population consisted of all (4,034) employees of (5) Yemeni telecommunications companies in Sana'a: (Sabafon, You, Yemen Mobile, TeleYemen Company, and the General Telecommunications Corporation). The stratified random sampling method was used to select the study sample. (975) questionnaires were distributed to the study sample members. (808) valid questionnaires were retrieved for analysis, with a rate of (83%).

The study concluded that the level of achievement of (TQM) was (somewhat high), and the level of achievement of strategic performance was (somewhat high). The results of the study also showed that there is a statistically significant impact of (TQM) on the strategic performance of Yemeni telecommunications companies in Sana'a.

The study recommended the need to increase attention to applying (TQM) in Yemeni telecommunications companies according to a comprehensive quality strategy, written clearly and accurately, and as part of the company’s strategic plan, because of its significant impact on improving strategic performance in those companies.

The study aimed to highlight and clarify the ghayul water drainage systems, which represented the backbone of life and a basic system around which ancient Yemeni societies revolved, including Wadi Dhala’ Hamdan, which has been famous since the dawn of history for its water facilities that were based on precise systems and standards, including the system for knowing time and the system of standards for water distribution and drainage.  The system of area of ​​agricultural land and its use in draining stormwater. The study dealt with three sections, the first of which reviewed the geographic location and historical material of the valley. The second section reviewed the floodwaters of Wadi Dala’ Hamdan and the irrigation system in them. The third section focused on mentioning the measurements of land areas in the valley and how they were used in determining the area of ​​agricultural land, as well as its use in measuring stormwater drainage. The researcher relied on the inductive approach and the analytical approach, as well as the field study by conducting interviews with people related to the problems and solutions. They were interviewed in a way that was not codified with them. Among the most important results that were reached is that the irrigation system in Wadi Hamadan Districts was an ancient system dating back to the period of the Kingdom of Dhu Minarets, which appeared in the fifth century AD. Nine water systems were found that harvested surface water from geological rock layers and used it for irrigation. Irrigation facilities were accompanied by the emergence of other systems such as the water distribution system and the time system.  The system of land area measurements that was used in the area of ​​agricultural land and helped in draining storm water during the formation of cumulus clouds that blocked sunlight from the tools for measuring storm water drainage.

The research reached a number of results, the most prominent of which are: that imitation is taken from the pendant, and comes in the sense of suspension, endurance, obligation, and imitation, and that the first thing that the obligated person must consider and think about; So, he knows what he should do. This is the doctrine of the people of justice and monotheism.

The researcher recommended several recommendations, the most prominent of which are: the necessity of carrying out a serious critical study of the issue of ijtihad among the followers of the modern rational school, and the necessity of urging researchers to study the issue of imitation in monotheism among the predecessors.

The study aimed to determine the impact of Strategic Planning in its dimensions (environmental analysis, strategic direction, strategy formulation), in improving the of banks operating in Yemen in the capital Sana'a performance its dimensions (customers dimension, internal operation, learning and growth, financial dimension). The study also aimed to determine the level of banks. practice of strategic planning and measurS the level of improvement of their performance in which the study used the descriptive approach with its analytical methods. The field survey of the study population was carried out through the study tool(Questionnaire), according to the stratified random sample method, and determine the study population from the Head qurters of the main banks operating in Yemen in the capital Sana'a (17 banks), where (14banks) responded to the procedures of the field study, the target community will be (401 individuals), in which (401 questionnaires), were distributed which (340) were recovered, of which (17 questionnaires) were unanalyesble, and the (323 questionnaires) were analyzed using The program (spss26) and (AMOS26) to analyze the study data and test its hypotheses the study found that the level of strategic planning practiceD in banks operating in Yemen in Sana'a in general is (average) and improve its performance in general (high) in all its dimensions, and that there is a positive impact of strategic planning in improving the performance of banks operating in Yemen  in the capital Sana'a, The study recommends strengthening the practice of strategic planning in banks operating in Yemen in the capital Sana'a, in a broader manner and in all its dimensions and focusing on aspects that improve their performance continuously.

This paper aims at studying certain syntactic and semantic aspects in English and Arabic. It specifically applies the syntactic method of Transformational Generative Grammar (TGG) and the semantic model thematic roles in certain English sentences and their Arabic translation from a linguistic point of view. It provides a theoretical background of TGG and thematic roles as the basic framework of the analysis applied in this study. The data includes selected English sentences from three different short stories along with their Arabic equivalents. The co-analysis of the English sentences and their Arabic translations is based syntactically on Chomsky's TGG (1965) and semantically on Fillmore's thematic roles (1977). The results of the study shows that syntax and semantics within these two languages make some kind of interface. This emphasizes the idea of linguistic universals advocated by Chomsky. The application of co-analysis indicates that the syntactic and semantic aspects can be relatively similar in English and Arabic particularly in terms of the type of the noun phrases in the deep and surface structures and semantic roles.

The study concludes that translation is a practical field where the feasibility and utility of  linguistic theories and ideas can be tested, and that integration and application of more than one approach in translation such as TGG analysis and semantic roles can help in producing more appropriate translations. However, it should be stated that syntax semantics interface and its overlapping can't be solely used in translation studies.

The study aimed to determine the impact of Information Technology on the Quality of Strategic Decisions at Banks in Yemen, which consisted of 10 banks, registered in the banking activity in Yemen based on the reports of the Central bank for the year 2015. The study used the descriptive and analytical approach. For the purpose of collecting data, a questionnaire was designed for the study sample, which consisted of all employees in the higher managements of the bank’s leadership, the study sample included (385) questionnaires distributed to banks as a simple random sample, (310) valid forms were retrieved for analysis. After collecting data from them, many statistical methods were used to analyze the data and test the study hypotheses, the formative model and the reflective model were also used in building the study model, and partial least squares modeling was used to test the hierarchical model with (Smart PLS v.3.2.9) program, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.23).

The study reached that there is a high level of Information Technology and Quality of Strategic Decisions at Banks in Yemen. The results of the study also showed that there is a statistically significant of Information Technology at Quality of Strategic Decisions. The study recommended the development of clear future plans that enable Yemeni banks to benefit from information Technology in the Quality of Strategic Decisions and to face the problems that may result from them.

The research aims to highlight on the lives and impact of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and Imam Malik Al-Ashtar (may Allah be pleased with him) in Islamic history. The research delves into crucial aspects of Imam Ali's life، starting from his upbringing to his significant virtues that solidified his unique position in the hearts of Muslims. It also focuses on his notable contributions to building the Islamic nation، both in religious and societal realms.

Additionally، the study explores the life of Imam Malik Al-Ashtar، providing a close look at his upbringing and virtues، and how his teachings contributed to the development of Islamic jurisprudence and heritage. The research highlights the significance of these figures in the Islamic arena، illustrating how they left indelible marks that transcended through the ages، contributing to the construction of the Islamic identity.

This study also sheds light on the cultural and educational dimensions of Imam Ali and Imam Malik، analyzing their influence in shaping Islamic values and ethics. It emphasizes their prominent role in transmitting knowledge and education during the Middle Ages of Islam، demonstrating how their legacy continues to serve as a source of inspiration for scholars and believers.

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of Imam Ali and Imam Malik Al-Ashtar، elucidating their profound impact on Islamic culture and history. The research aims And to highlight these influential and contributory figures in the development and progress of the Islamic nation، providing a foundational understanding of the depths of Islamic history and culture.

Without delving into introductions, the topic of Somalia was chosen due to internal crises and external interventions for several objective and self-reasons. The most important of these are its strategic location overlooking the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea, its proximity to the Bab-el-Mandeb strait, the availability of natural resources and fisheries in its land and sea, the convergence of international powers and their interventions, its division into several regions, the presence of foreign forces on Somali soil, even if they agree to leave, and fighting alongside one side against another. On the other hand, exploring the crisis in Somalia and its relationship with external interventions, because of the similarity between what happened and what is happening in Somalia and Yemen, and the need for a chronological approach to events in this neighboring country to Yemen, torn apart by conflicts and impoverished by regional and international interventions to achieve their goals and interests. To achieve the main goal, the research is divided into two parts, the first consisting of four sections, and the second consisting of two sections, and each part is supported by a list of references from which information is drawn. May Allah guide you.

The present study is aimed at examining the conception, purpose and legality of the crossed cheque under commercial regulations in Yemen. The comparative-descriptive method is adopted to investigate how commercial regulations (including those applicable in Yemen) perceive the conception of the crossed cheque, as well as the definitions of it provided by the jurisprudents of the commercial law. The purpose of issuing this type of cheques is then examined in view of the explanations and reasoning given in commercial regulations and judicial rulings. The study finally concludes with a clarification of the legality of the crossed cheque.)

the current research aimed to identify the basic linguistic skills necessary for university students at Sana’a University, and to try to solve the problem of their linguistic weakness. In order to achieve this goal, the researcher followed the following procedures: Preparing a list to determine the skills Linguistics for students at Sana’a University, through: tracking previous studies, research, and specialized writings related to the field of research. Coming up with a final list of the linguistic skills necessary for university students. This list included (5) axes, namely: listening skill, the number of paragraphs reached (12), speaking skill, The number of paragraphs was (5), the speaking skill, the number of paragraphs was (4), the reading skill, the number of paragraphs was (13), and the writing skill, the number of paragraphs was (11). The researcher aimed from this list benefiting researchers, experts and developers' curricula teaching Arabic language at Sana’a University by providing information and data about the basic language skills appropriate for university students, in order to deal with them in a scientific manner when preparing and developing curricula at Sana’a University.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of strategic renewal in crisis management within the dimensions of exploration, opportunity exploitation, entrepreneurship, collaborative leadership, and coordinated strategic action in the Yemeni pharmaceutical industries sector. It also aimed to identify the level of practice of strategic renewal and its dimensions, as well as crisis management and its dimensions in the same sector. The study also sought to uncover and interpret this relationship by employing a quantitative methodology with an analytical and descriptive approach. The study utilized a questionnaire as a data collection tool from a study population consisting of ten companies representing the Yemeni pharmaceutical industries sector, with a sample size of (415) participants selected using a comprehensive census of the managerial categories in these companies. To analyze and make use of the data, statistical analysis software such as (SPSS. 26) and (Amos. 26) were employed. The study results revealed a high level of strategic renewal practices, while crisis management practices were above average. The study concluded that there is a significant positive role for strategic renewal in crisis management of the pharmaceutical industries sector. The study recommended several suggestions, including the importance of adopting strategic renewal and increasing attention to its processes, as it is not a routine task or a regular plan but rather a cognitive and managerial framework for organizations to overcome external threats and internal constraints while improving performance. Furthermore, pharmaceutical manufacturing companies were advised to break strategic inertia and initiate gradual strategic renewal. Additionally, emphasis was placed on the importance of crisis management practices, particularly preventive strategies.

This study aims to identify Teaching Staff Role in developing 21st century skills among students of basic education Department at the Faculty of Education, Sana’a University. For this purpose, both researchers prepared a questionnaire composed of (50) skills, and used the descriptive analytical approach. The sample consisted of (41) members of the basic education faculty, and (73) individuals  represented  by the students in the department, Among the statistical methods used were: frequencies and percentages of sample characteristics; averages, standard deviations; and the T-Test for two independent samples to find out the differences between the averages of the variables of gender and occupation, in addition to the one-way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) to find out the differences between the averages of the variables of experience and academic degree, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient to measure the stability of the tool that resulted to 0.91. The statistical package (SPSS) was also used.

The results showed that the average assessment estimates reached a high level. Where The Arithmetic Average reached (4,103) with A percentage of (82,29%) for all sample members One of the most important recommendations is to pay attention to assessing the teaching staff on ongoing basis and to organizing training courses and intensive workshops for them.

The study aimed to analyze the content of science books for the lower basic grades to reveal the extent to which they contain life skills, and to achieve this, a list of life skills that must be available in the content of science books for the lower basic grades was built. The list was distributed among five basic areas of life skills: nutritional skills, health skills, Preventive skills, environmental skills, scientific skills.  After verifying the veracity of the list, the content analysis tool was built and used in the analysis of the science book for the first grade, which includes (nine) study units.  Environmental and scientific skills at an appropriate level, nutritional skills and health skills were not addressed at an appropriate level, and preventive skills were not addressed at all.

The science book for the second grade, which includes (twelve) study units, was also analyzed. The results showed that the content of the science book for the second grade focused on environmental skills and scientific skills, and it included health skills and preventive skills in an average manner, while nutritional skills were not addressed at an appropriate level.

The science book for the third grade, which includes (twelve) study units, was also analyzed. The results showed that the content of the science book for the third grade focused on preventive skills, environmental skills, and scientific skills. As for health and nutritional skills, they were not addressed at an appropriate level.

The study recommends the need to focus on life skills when preparing and authoring curricula and textbooks in the field of science, benefiting from the life skills contained in the study tool, and employing these skills in educational and learning situations, since these skills are important in terms of their inclusion in textbooks.

The objective of this study is to explain the divine Islamic faith، and proving that it is one of the unseen and dependent matters that it is not permissible to review its، due to its reliance on the Book of God Almighty، and the authentic Sunnah of the Prophet، and that it is comprehensive and valid for every time and place.

The study dealt with the subject of medical work, its legitimacy, and the error resulting from it according to legal jurisprudence, where the study dealt with the nature of medical work and its importance in practical life by saving lives and souls and relieving pain for patients, and for this reason it was a legitimate work in Islamic law with firm evidence from the Qur’an and Sunnah, and the fact that medical work touches the human body And the one who performs it is human and he is subject to error and rightness, but his error differs from the error of the ordinary person and is distinguished from him, so it was necessary to define the medical error and determine its types, and the fact that the medical error is distinguished from others, so several questions were raised about the doctor’s criminal and civil error and the standard for measuring that error and the availability A special law regulating the provisions of medical liability.

The study showed several results, the most important of which are: that medical work is a competent duty that includes examination, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, and that the medical error that necessitates responsibility is the sure, constant and distinctive error, and the criterion for measuring it is the good doctor who is considered one of the doctors, and the study also concluded that there is no special law regulating medical responsibility.

The study recommended the necessity of issuing a special law regulating the liability of medical practitioners.

The study aimed to identify the most important requirements to develop the performance of Yemeni Community colleges in the light of principles of governance. To achieve the objective of the study, the analytical descriptive research approach was adopted, by designing and applying a questionnaire on a sample of (134) individuals from government community colleges employees in Yemen.  The study reached several results, the most important of which is that the average degree the overall importance of the requirements that must be met for the development of. Community colleges in Yemen came with a high degree of importance High The total approval rate on the importance of requirements as a whole from the point of view of the academic and administrative staff (study sample) was (80.82%). Most important are physical requirements, organizational requirements, academic requirements, technological requirements, and finally human requirements. In the light of the results the study presented a number of recommendations and proposals.

The research highlighted the character of Imam Sharaf al-Din Yahya bin Shams al-Din and his relationship with the centers of power in Yemen، the political situation at that time (877-965 H / 1473-1558) ، his defeat of this force one after another، and his control over several regions of Yemen. He became the sole control. There was greatness in it، and his sons - especially Al-Mutahhar and Shams Al-Din - were able to extend the influence of their father، the Imam in the different regions of Yemen. and the Mamluks had only the Tihama and the Tahirids had only Aden. They also controlled many areas of al-Ashraf (the nobles) and Imams in the far north until he reached Najran. He also extended his control over the Ismailis areas. But when the areas of influence of Imam Sharf al-Din were divided between his sons، and disagreement and dispute between them arose، his state had been weakened. After the arrival of the Ottoman Empire to Yemen led by of Suleiman Pasha Al-Khadim in 1538، he was able to extend the actual Ottoman Empire's influence over coastal areas، the Mamluks، and eliminated the Mamluks in Zabid and the rest of the Tahirids in Aden. Shortly after his departure، and because of the disagreement that broke out between the family of Imam Sharaf al-Din، the Ottomans were able to expand into the interior regions، taking over many of the Imam’s regions، including Sana’a.

The research is divided into five axes: the first axis dealt with the political situation in Yemen before the emergence of Imam Sharaf al-Din. The second axis discussed Imam Sharaf al-Din’s relationship with the Mamluks. The third axis touched on his relationship with al-ashraaf (the nobles)، the imams، and the Ismailis. Whereas the fourth axis presented his relationship with the Tahirids، especially after the Tahirid Sultan Ghamer bin Abdulwahab was killed by the Mamluks. As for the fifth and final axis، it touched on his relationship with the Ottomans and the reasons that helped them to expand their influence in many regions of Yemen.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of various dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation on the organizational performance of banking institutions in the Yemeni context. The study employed a correlational survey design, targeting leadership and supervisory positions within local banks. The study population consisted of 1504 individuals occupying leadership and supervisory roles across 13 banks. A stratified sample of 310 participants was selected using a stratified sampling approach. A specialized questionnaire was developed and distributed among the targeted sample, resulting in the collection of 310 valid responses. After excluding 28 invalid responses, 282 valid responses were considered for analysis. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), revealing statistically significant positive effects of entrepreneurial orientation on organizational performance. The results further indicated that sub-factors of entrepreneurial orientation, including proactiveness, innovativeness, and aggressive competitiveness, exhibited positive and significant effects on organizational performance. Conversely, no statistically significant impact of the risk factor on organizational performance was supported.

This study aimed to analyze and manage risks in petroleum stations in the city of Sana’a using geographic information systems techniques, by examining the historical development of the stations and their risks, the extent of application of regulatory controls and procedures to choose their construction sites, their commitment to safety and security standards, evaluating the efficiency of the distribution of facilities necessary to manage their risks, and highlighting The risks expected to occur in order to present a proposal to manage them. This study followed a systems analysis approach in analyzing data, creating maps, and analyzing them using geographic information systems, with the aim of understanding the spatial organization of the spatial phenomenon and finding a solution to the problem.

Reliance was also made on the descriptive analytical method, which depends on studying the phenomenon as it exists on the ground, and then describing and analyzing it in order to infer the problem under study, as well as on the quantitative method and mathematical treatment of the details of the subject within the limits of the data obtained from the field study, which It was built mainly on data collected in the field, and included two main sections: a comprehensive inventory of petrol stations, civil defense centers, ambulances, and police in the city. This stage was followed by the use of a base map of the city. This study relied mainly on spatial data in determining the location through a system device. GPS location determination Which shows the locations of petrol stations, and the locations of civil defense, police, and ambulance centers and then transfers them on a map of the city, and the second is based on continuous observation and field visits to measure safety standards and controls and the conditions for establishing those stations, and the extent of their application on the station grounds, and personal interviews with some of the workers and owners of the stations for the purpose of providing us with information. necessary and required by the study.

  This work contributed to building a service database, some of its data was represented in the maps contained in the body of this study, and one of its most important results was that the spatial distribution pattern of these stations took the clustered type and did not take the organized form because their establishment was linked to the desires of investors and not linked to regulatory restrictions and requirements. Most of them were not subject to occupational safety and security standards, due to the hazardous materials they contain, which exposes the population to danger and leads to poor service, in addition to the lack of a unified system to determine the expected risks from the spread of stations, and that the geographical impact of explosion risks differs from the risks of ignition, leakage, and pollution The applications of information systems in risk management in petroleum stations in the city were also reviewed, by applying planning standards and comparing them with the current situation, revealing the presence of a deficiency and defect in the distribution of facility locations.

  The study concluded with a number of recommendations, including: introducing geographic information systems technology into national plans for risk management in petroleum stations, increasing prevention and safety measures in stations that are out of service for emergency centers, addressing the imbalance resulting from the shortage of these facilities in the city, and creating a national risk guide. Oil stations in Yemen

This research paper aims at briefly introducing Imam Al San'ani and his scientific life, clarifying the status of the concept of custom, highlighting the sayings of scholars in custom authoritativeness, and manifesting the position of Imam Al San'ani on custom in terms of the practical issues under this research through his book: SUBUL AL SALAM. The descriptive, analytical and comparative approach has been used by the researcher in the present research. The research consists of an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. In the introduction, the most common terms used in the research have been defined, whereas the authoritativeness of custom evidence in Islam is explained in the first section, along with its types and the conditions needed for carrying it out. The second section presents Imam Al San'ani's use of custom in clarifying the Islamic legitimate rules in matters of dealings, moral values, and other aspects of Islamic Jurisprudence, presented in fourteen issues in the research.

At the conclusion, the researcher has reached a set of findings, the most important of which are: 

Imam Al San'ani did not declare the authoritativeness of custom as it is independent evidence of rulings, but he has explained and directed some jurisprudential rulings with the help of custom. This appears in several places through his book Subul Al Salaam, targeted by the present study; and the same go with the sects that did not declare authoritativeness of the custom, but they use it to reveal and clarify the rulings.

It has been revealed that custom is divided into true and corrupt; and in terms of its nature, it is divided into practical and verbal that the scholars have set specific conditions for its acceptance. It has been also shown that the Malikis and the Hanafis have expanded on inference with the evidence of the custom; however, the Zaydis, the Shafi'is and the Hanbalis have not considered it in the well known matters of their doctrine, as independent evidence of rulings, and each of the two groups has its evidence, as mentioned in the body of the research that it shows those who believe in the authoritativeness of the custom are Happy with the guiding evidence.

The aim of the study was to determine the "effectiveness of a program based on cooperative learning in developing the attitude towards creative reading among high school students in Sana'a capital." The researcher used descriptive and quasi-experimental methods, suitable for the nature of this research. To achieve the aim of the study, an attitude scale was prepared to measure the attitude of second-year high school students towards creative reading, and it was applied to a sample of (40) female students from the second-year high school stage, before and after. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: The attitude of second-year high school female students towards creative reading is very high, and the results of the study showed the effectiveness of the program based on cooperative learning in developing the attitude towards creative reading, where the differences between the averages of the attitude scale towards creative reading in the pre and post applications of the experimental group were in favor of the post-application. The total effect size was (0.993), which is a very high effect size.

The electronic declaration is the second procedure after filing the lawsuit. It is the first practical step in which the defendant is informed of the claim of the lawsuit against him، as these procedures shorten a great deal of time due to the traditional procedures followed in the traditional declaration، in addition to the burdens borne by the claimant until he announces the lawsuit to a home. The defendant، as well as the announcement by electronic means solves many of the problems facing the plaintiff when declaring the defendant، especially if there are many defendants or it is not possible to find him with the possibility of communicating with him electronically if he is in a remote area or outside the country، in order to ensure a fair trial and speed up the procedures Litigation، all these obstacles prompted many foreign and Arab countries to find solutions to overcome these obstacles by announcing them electronically.

The study aimed to provide a proposed vision for digital transformation in Yemeni universities in the light of modern global experiences by investigating the concepts of digital transformation its objectives and requirements and the theoretical foundations of digital university education in the contemporary world and Some of the modern global digital experiences are represented by the British University of Oxford and Tsinghua University in China  as well as Revealing the reality of digital transformation in Yemeni  universities and the study adopted the descriptive survey approach as a main tool for data collection and using the content analysis method for local and international literature documents reports and international experiences:

 The need for a strategic direction by the state to implement digital transformation in all institutions including Yemeni universities.

 The study also recommended the implementation of the proposed vision in Yemeni universities through phases and gradual steps according to the capabilities and reality experienced by each university.

The study aimed to find out the effect of using the SWOM strategy in the development of mathematical thinking skills for primary school students in the ALamana Sana'a. The researcher depends on the experimental approach in his study. The study's representative sample consists of (80) students from the ninth grade in the ALamana Sana'a. The representative sample has been divided into two equals groups one is an experimental comprising( 40) students which has been studied with the SWOM strategy and a control group comprising (42) students which has been studied with the usual way، In order to achieve the study objectives a teacher guide and a Student's booklet were built in the algebraic expression analysis unit، And to compile the data a mathematical thinking skill test has been done and applied to the two groups pre and post the experiment after confirming its validity and reliability which reached(0.88).  The result showed that there were statistically significant differences at the( 0.05) level of significance at the average mark of the two groups in favor of the experimental group as well as having a significant impact its value was (0.463)، the study adopted a series of recommendation the most important of which is a review of mathematical curricula so that the curriculum is set by strategies that work on learners thinking development and pay attention to the teacher's performance by training him on educational programs that change his  classroom practice and direct his interest in how to make the student more intellectual.