Sana'a University Journal of Human Sciences

The study aimed to explore the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood in Jerusalem during the period from 1838 to 1967. It relied on the most important original historical documents related to Sheikh Jarrah, shedding light on foreign and Zionist infiltration, particularly after the approval of property ownership and the issuance of the Foreign Ownership Law in 1859.

        This was manifested in the acquisition of some properties, buildings, and lands, which were considered the beginning of this infiltration. The study's problem revolves around answering several questions, including: When did foreign and Zionist infiltration into Jerusalem begin? How did the Zionists settle in Sheikh Jarrah? The study seeks to answer these questions by identifying the origins of foreign infiltration into Jerusalem and its methods, and by examining how the Zionists settled in Sheikh Jarrah, along with the strategies they adopted for this purpose. The study aims to answer the following main question: Who are the true owners of Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood? Do the Zionists have any rightful claims to Sheikh Jarrah? To achieve the study's objectives, a historical methodology was employed, based on collecting information from sources, analyzing it, and critically evaluating it in alignment with the research's concept of proving Arab ownership of Sheikh Jarrah's lands.

        The study was divided into five main sections: the first section covered the naming of the neighborhood, the second its geographical location, the third its origin, the fourth foreign infiltration, and the fifth Zionist infiltration. The study reached several conclusions, most notably that foreign infiltration in Sheikh Jarrah began with the approval of property ownership and the issuance of the Foreign Ownership Law in 1859. Additionally, the ownership of the disputed land in Sheikh Jarrah between Zionists and Arabs belongs to the Hijazi Al-Saadi family, as evidenced by the decision of the Ottoman Sharia Court of Jerusalem and official land registry records.

    The study aimed at knowing the relationship between positive parental upbringing methods from the perspective of positive psychology and self-esteem. The study also aimed at knowing the common positive parenting methods and the level of self-esteem among female students of the College of Education. The study followed the descriptive, correlational approach, and the study sample included (252) of female students in the College of Education, and the study tools included two scales: the Positive Parental Upbringing Scale by Nicomachus (2019) and the Rusinbirj Self-Esteem Scale (translated by Ahmed Abu Saad, (2011). The data was processed statistically using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, T-test for one sample, analysis of variance, and T-test for two independent samples were used. The results of the study indicated that the level of self-esteem among female students of the College of Education is high, and that the common parenting style among female students of the College of Education is (caring for parental values), and the results indicated that there were no differences in the level of self-esteem attributed to the academic level variable among female students of the College of Education, while there were significant differences in the level of self-esteem attributed to the academic specialization, and it was significant in favor of scientific specializations in the level of self-esteem.

This study aims to analyze the slogans chanted during Yemen’s 2011 events as a form of discourse with linguistic structures enriched by rhetorical techniques. These slogans reflect intentional language responses embedded with semantic weight, conveying issues that express the ideology of their creators and their desire to produce a public discourse that resists and opposes authoritative narratives. The study adopts public rhetoric as a procedural methodology, applying this modern critical theory to interpret, decode, and highlight the intended messages within these slogans and chants.

The topic of this research necessitates a division into two sections, prefaced by an introduction and followed by a conclusion. The first section presents a theoretical analysis, defining key terms and concepts relevant to the study, including slogans, chants, and public rhetoric. The second section comprises an applied analysis, examining slogans as eloquent responses that convey demands and issues filled with meaning and intent. The study concludes that chants are not merely spoken expressions but serve as a powerful tool for political change, encapsulating the demands and issues of the masses.

This research seeks to explore the Quranic vision of combating corruption, as presented by the martyr leader Hussein al-Houthi, which combines the religious reform dimension with the Yemeni political reality, while bridging a research gap regarding the absence of studies linking the Islamic perspective to contemporary institutional corruption. The research relied on the analytical approach of (47 documents) (lectures) of the Martyr Leader, in which the term “corruption” was mentioned (92 times), classified according to semantic contexts: definition, types, causes, effects, and mechanisms of combating it. The results showed that corruption, in the Quranic vision of the Martyr Leader, is not merely a financial or administrative phenomenon, but rather a "complex phenomenon" encompassing: the ideological dimension, such as questioning Islamic identity and imposing Western values; the structural dimension, such as elite alliances with foreign powers to deplete resources; and the cultural dimension, such as the normalization of bribery as a "social norm." The results revealed three main factors of corruption: external factors: foreign interference, economic hegemony, and dependence on the global order; internal factors: the absence of implementation of Islamic law, corruption among ruling elites, and weak governance; and cultural and moral factors: Westernization, the collapse of religious identity, and weak Quranic awareness. The results also demonstrated the effects and consequences of corruption, including: God's wrath and punishment in this world and the hereafter, the disintegration of family ties, the spread of crime and poverty, the loss of legitimacy, the collapse of state institutions, the destruction of resources, and the decline of development. The Qur'anic vision for combating corruption was represented by reactivating the Qur'anic project, achieving social justice, resisting external hegemony, punishing corruptors, promoting transparency, and engaging society in accountability

This study aimed to identify the reality of functional empowerment and the level of availability and quality of work life in Yemeni private universities, as well as the relationship between them, in addition to differences based on demographic variables. The researchers used a quantitative descriptive approach and a questionnaire on a stratified random sample consisting of 335 individuals from the academic and administrative staff. The study found that the level of applying functional empowerment was high, and the level of availability of quality of work life was moderate, with a positive direct correlation between them. No statistically significant differences were found for most demographic variables, except for the size of the university. The researchers recommended that the leadership of private universities increase their attention to improving the work environment, develop programs to enhance the quality of work life, and promote a culture of empowerment among employees

The research problem stems from the sole economic resource in the Arabian Peninsula: trade. It defines it as one of the most important economic activities in the Arabian Peninsula, and identifies the most important seasons, markets, and goods sold there. The research attempts to answer the following question: What is the importance of trade in the Arabian Peninsula? Also, what is the importance of the strategic commercial location of the Arab countries? The research aims to answer the following main question: Did the presence of the Holy Kaaba contribute to the establishment of markets and seasons for pilgrims in and around Mecca? To achieve the study's objectives, the descriptive and analytical historical approach was used, based on collecting historical material from its original sources and employing it in formulating the various study topics with the aim of arriving at historical information. The research relied heavily on the contents of historical sources. The research was divided into two chapters. The first chapter deals with trade, covering the main and secondary trade routes and commercial centers. The second chapter addresses markets in the Arabian Peninsula, both permanent and seasonal, and the methods of commercial transactions within them.

  The fallacies were adopted by corrupt analogy, except in his image, material, or both, in general, the fallacies are flaws that weaken the arguments, even if they are convincing, Aristotle was the first to arrange them in a systematic list in his book Refuting the Sophistication or the Walls, the process of inference in the improper fallacies leads to a false result clearly and intentionally committing the error And sometimes unintentionally, and this in turn affects the thinking process, because the main problem is answering the question: How to avoid falling into the logical mistakes resulting from the measurements? And by analyzing Aristotle's theories of measurement, according to the analytical method, and one of the most important results that emerged during the research was that measurement is a type of indirect inference and has more than one introduction and the mind needs other limits to be used, and that sound premises that are based on the rules of measurement form and content lead us to sound results, and measurement as part of logic if not all of its impact on thinking processes Especially critical thinking

The study aimed to address the similarities and differences between separatist tendencies in the world. The study used the comparative approach, comparing six cases that fall under three types of secessionist tendencies: the first type is a comparison between the provinces of Quebec and Scotland as two cases demanding secession by following the democratic mechanism through negotiations, the second is between of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and the Catalan Region, they seek unilateral secession in the face of strong opposition from the their two central governments, and the last type is a comparison between the Somali Region and South Yemen, which were independent states before they both unite into a merger state, they declared secession and are still seeking independence as internationally recognized states. The study concluded that whatever the justifications for secession or the nature of the path taken by the separatist movement to achieve its efforts towards independence, whether through negotiation or unilaterally, the positions of the central governments are the decisive factor, followed by regional and international positions that stem from their fear of the repercussions of this in reviving separatist tendencies in their territories, and the impact of this on the stability of international relations

This research aims to identify the methodology of Imam Abdullah bin Al-Hadi bin Imam Yahya bin Hamza - peace be upon him - in his interpretation (Al-Jawhar Al-Shafaf Al-Mulatqat min Maghasat Al-Kashaf). This research relied on the descriptive approach, through defining the author, his personal life, and explaining his approach. I followed the analytical inductive approach to identify the author’s methodology in his interpretation. The main axes of the research were represented in an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction dealt with the importance of the topic and the reasons for choosing it, the objectives of the research, my methodology in the research, and the research plan. The first section contained three topics: the first topic: the era of the author, the second topic: his life, and the third topic: his works, while the second section contained three topics : the first topic: the author’s method in his interpretation, the second topic: his sources, and the third topic his advantages. As for the conclusion, I included the most important results and recommendations, and I reached many results, the most important of which are: that the author was a prominent scientific figure in his time, and trusted by scholars, and that he was one of the scholars who dedicated their lives to science. The author’s sources in his interpretation were diverse, and this is due to the author’s adoption of a methodology that combines the transmitted and the opinion in his interpretation. Therefore, I recommend publishing and printing the interpretation of (Al-Jawhar Al-Shafaf) and distributing it to Islamic libraries, due to the many scientific benefits it contains in interpretation, language, rhetoric and statement, grammar, and readings.

The study aimed to identify the reality of the performance of the technical and vocational education system in the Republic of Yemen, and the degree of future importance of developing its performance. To achieve this, the descriptive survey approach was adopted, and the questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data. It was distributed to a sample of (31) leaders of the technical education and vocational training sector, deans of technical institutes and community colleges and their deputies, using the modified Delphi method. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: The study experts’ estimates of the reality of performance in technical education and vocational training institutions came with an arithmetic mean value of (1.45) and a weak and unsatisfactory degree, at the level of the total degree of dimensions and at the level of each dimension separately. Regarding the experts’ estimates of the degree of importance of the dimensions and indicators, the arithmetic mean value reached (2.86) and a high degree of importance, as the experts expected a positive developmental impact for all dimensions, if they were applied in strategies for developing and improving the performance of technical education and vocational training, as the dimension (students/beneficiaries) came in first place, the (financial dimension) came in second place, while the dimension (internal operations) came in third place. The last dimension, "Learning and Growth," ranked fourth

This research addresses the dialectic of resistance and surrender in the thought of Imam Sayyid Ali Khamenei, framing it as a conceptual and strategic lens through which the global struggle between the oppressed and the arrogant is interpreted—not merely from a military or political perspective, but as a comprehensive civilizational paradigm rooted in the depth of Islamic prophetic thought. The study views resistance as a broad liberation project that transcends emotional or momentary reactions to become a rational path grounded in core values such as monotheism, justice, human dignity, and Islamic unity. It is framed as a faith-based, ethical, and strategic stance that rejects dependency and domination, affirming sovereignty, independence, and identity.

In contrast, surrender is approached as a deconstructive trajectory that leads to the absorption into Western hegemonic projects and the eventual collapse of the political and civilizational self of Islamic societies. The study relies on a critical analysis of Imam Khamenei’s speeches and official writings to identify the foundational principles of resistance thought and applies them to contemporary political realities—most notably the “Al-Aqsa Flood” operation, the awakening of Western public consciousness, and the emergence of grassroots resistance movements in Syria despite political fragmentation.

The research concludes that resistance in Imam Khamenei’s vision represents more than a military tactic or reactionary stance—it is a comprehensive civilizational endeavor aimed at building an Islamic civilizational state founded on independence, justice, dignity, and the capacity to confront global arrogance. This study thus contributes to the development of a sociological framework that bridges theory and practice in the face of the political and civilizational challenges confronting the Islamic Ummah.

The study aimed to identify the impact of social media on Yemeni family relationships. To achieve this goal, the researcher adopted a descriptive and analytical approach, which is appropriate for the subject matter of the study. He also used a questionnaire as the primary tool for collecting study data, which was applied to a simple random sample of Yemeni families in Taiz Governorate. It was estimated at (265) families, in addition to the interview tool that was conducted with some heads of households and the elderly, with (10) interviews, The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are:

- The use of social media sites among Yemeni family members is extremely high, often exceeding three hours per day.

- The positive effects of social media use account for 38.2% of the change in Yemeni family relationships (between spouses and between parents and children).

- The negative effects of using social networking sites account for (61.8%) of the change occurring in Yemeni family relationships (between spouses, between parents and children).

-Social media has significantly impacted the nature of family relationships (between spouses, parents, and children) within the Yemeni family, both positively and negatively. However, the overall impact tends toward the negative side, outweighing the positive by nearly double

The study addressed the subject of direct subsidiary civil action before the civil judiciary according to Yemeni and Egyptian law. It sought to understand the relationship between the criminal and civil judiciaries and the extent of their influence on each other. This study raises several questions, including: What is the extent of the impact of filing a criminal action on a civil action? What are the conditions and effects of applying the rule "criminal action suspends civil action"? What is the extent of the validity of the judgments issued? The study aimed to demonstrate the impact of filing a criminal action on a civil action, to understand the conditions and effects of applying the rule "criminal action suspends civil action," and to demonstrate the validity of judgments issued in both aspects of the dispute. The study was divided into two sections, using a comparative analytical approach. The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which are: that the rule "criminal action suspends civil action" aims to prevent conflicting rulings, but it may lead to prolonging litigation; that the civil action is independent and does not affect the course of the criminal action; and that the criminal judgment has conclusive force that restricts the civil judge from considering what has already been decided. The study recommended reconsidering the application of the rule "criminal action suspends civil action" so that the cases of suspension are clearly codified, ensuring that the rights of the injured party are not disrupted for an extended period. It also emphasized the need to strengthen the independence of the civil judiciary in considering subsidiary civil actions, so that it is not completely restricted to awaiting the final criminal judgment, when it is possible to resolve the civil dispute without legal conflict.

This research aims to analyze the methodology of Imam Muhammad bin Yahya in textual criticism (naqd al-matn) by identifying its defining features, extrapolating the criteria he relied upon in his critiques, and establishing the foundations of this methodology in alignment with Quranic texts, Sharia principles, and the objectives of Islamic law (maqasid al-Sharriea). Additionally, it applies this methodology to examples of hadiths he critiqued and explores its scholarly value in contemporary hadith studies. The study employs an inductive approach by tracing the hadiths he examined, an analytical approach to dissect his critical viewpoints within their context, an applied approach through case studies of specific narrations, and a foundational (foundational) approach to anchor his critiques in scriptural and rational evidence, thereby reinforcing their validity. The research comprises three sections:

The first section addresses the conceptual framework of hadith criticism, its principles, and standards as delineated by scholars.

The second section examines Imam almurtada Muhammad bin alhadi and his critical methodology.

The third section analyzes the narrations critiqued by Muhammad bin Yahya bin alhussein.

Key findings highlight Imam Muhammad’s integrative approach to textual criticism, which harmonizes transmitted (naqli) and rational (eaqli) criteria. His methodology emphasizes evaluating narrations against the Quran, Sunnah, reason, linguistic precision, and jurisprudential principles. The study recommends revitalizing classical hadith scholars’ methods of textual criticism in contemporary research and advocates for the preservation, compilation, and academic study of Imam Muhammad bin Yahya bin alhussein’s legacy as a balanced model in hadith criticism

The study aimed to identify the level of awareness of female teachers in schools in the Republic of Yemen about the use of artificial intelligence applications in teaching and their attitudes towards them. The descriptive approach of the social survey type was used, and the study tools were represented by an awareness scale and another for attitudes. The study sample consisted of (248) female teachers. The results of the study concluded that the level of awareness of female teachers about artificial intelligence applications in teaching was average, and that they had a very large positive attitude towards using artificial intelligence applications in teaching. The results also indicated that there were statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) in the awareness scale and the attitude scale in favor of private schools, and there were no statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) in the responses of the study sample in the awareness scale and the attitude scale according to the study variables (qualification, years of teaching, academic stage and specialization). It was recommended By training teachers on the skills of applying artificial intelligence in teaching and educating them about the ethics of its use, and providing the necessary requirements for employing artificial intelligence in schools.

This research tends to reveal the nature of the work of the types of Semii-logical arguments in the correspondence of Imam Al-Mansur Billah Abdullah bin Hamza. It tries to show the extent of his ability to attract the recipient, motivate him to think and contemplate, and convince him to accept the desired results, and how he refuted and invalidated the opponent's arguments, or pushed him to be convinced? And made him submit and surrender to what he wants. The reasons for the research go back to the presence of the argumentative phenomenon in the correspondence of Imam Al-Mansur Billah Abdullah bin Hamza.

  The importance of this research lies in the fact that it sheds light on the correspondence as a witness to the development of Arabic literature, and searches for the laws of literary discourse and their role in convincing recipients through the correspondence of Imam Al-Mansur Billah.

The researcher has adopted the descriptive approach, and the procedural steps of the pragmatic and argumentative theory, relying on the classification of Barlman and Tetkah in their book known as "The Classification of Argumentation, New Rhetoric".

   The research consists of three sections: the first is a theoretical foundation, the second is semi-logical arguments that depend on logical structures, and the third is semi-logical arguments that depend on mathematical relations. The research ends with several results, the most important of which is that the correspondence of Imam Al-Mansur depended on semi-logical arguments that depend on logical structures such as the argument of contradiction and disagreement, and semi-logical arguments that depend on mathematical relations such as the argument of transitivity.

The research aimed to identify the role of internal audit - as a governance mechanism - in evaluating the performance of the General Authority of Zakat in the Republic of Yemen. The research problem is summarized in the question that states: What is the role of internal audit in evaluating the performance of the General Authority of Zakat in the Republic of Yemen? The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, and also used the questionnaire tool to collect data from members of the research sample. The research community consisted of technical workers in the General Authority of Zakat in the Republic of Yemen, the main headquarters in the capital Sana’a and its branches in the governorates, the main center in the capital, Sana’a, who numbered (350), and the research sample was chosen in a simple random way, amounting to (184) individuals. The research reached a number of results, including: that there is a role for internal audit in evaluating performance in the General Authority of Zakat in the Republic of Yemen, and that the overall score for applying the internal audit dimension, the performance standards dimension, and the development and improvement of performance dimension in the General Authority of Zakat appeared at a high degree, while the performance evaluation dimension came in at a moderate degree. In light of the results reached, the study recommended that the General Authority of Zakat provide support and assistance to internal auditors and provide the necessary means to enable them to perform their tasks efficiently and effectively, and work on using modern methods in performance evaluation, and benefiting from the results of performance evaluation in developing the capabilities of employees.

This research explores the phenomenon of learning Arabic in in early Arab-Islamic civilization, analyzing its social motivations. The study concludes that the learning of Arabic was a widespread social phenomenon. The reasons for studying Arabic included its national significance, as it held a distinguished place in the religious identity of Muslims; its religious importance, given its intrinsic connection to the Qur’an and all Islamic sciences; its scholarly necessity, as it served as the linguistic foundation for both religious and secular knowledge among the Arabs, with no intellectual discipline existing independently of it; and its social prestige, since mastery of refined Arabic (al-‘arabiyya al-mu‘arraba) functioned as a marker of class distinction, separating the elite from the rest of society. Additionally, proficiency in Arabic offered professional opportunities, enabling individuals to earn a living as tutors (ta’dīb), scribes (kitāba), and later as copyists (warrāqa). Furthermore, its standardized nature—not being the natural dialect of any single group but rather a rich synthesis of various Arab dialects—necessitated formal study for all, including Bedouins. The study also reveals that the learning of Arabic became widespread among mawālī, Arabs, and the rising generation. Scholars responded to this intellectual demand by composing works for general learners, addressing linguistic errors and corrections, as well as developing pedagogical grammatical texts for students.

The research problem was to study (the role of diagnosis using the Six-Box model in institutional performance, a case study of the General Office of Saada Governorate in Republic of Yemen), To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the quantitative approach - the descriptive analytical method - and to collect field data, the scientist’s questionnaire tool was relied upon. Marvin Weisbord collected data from the research sample consisting of (50) participants who were selected using a comprehensive inventory method.

The reality of using the six-box model for organizational diagnosis and the level of institutional performance in the General Diwan of Saada Governorate was at a high level, and there were no statistically significant differences between the average estimates of the research sample members regarding (organizational diagnosis, institutional performance) attributed to the variables (academic qualification, years of experience, current job), and there were statistically significant differences attributed to the age variable in the categories (40-50) and (+50). The research recommended the optimal use of human resources, training, qualifying and motivating them, and developing and updating the organizational structure and the strategic and executive plan for the various components of the Diwan.

This study aimed to measure the impact of mental image of customers on market share, an applied study on the Yemen Company for Industry and commerce (YCIC)-Yemen. To achieve the study's objectives, the descriptive-analytical approach was used. The study relied on a questionnaire as the as the main tool for collecting data, with a stratified proportional sample of (870) respondents selected from the company's customers in various sales outlet sectors across the Republic of Yemen. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software. The study revealed several key findings, the most important of which was that the level of the mental image of customers in YCIC is practiced at a high level, and that the market share of the YCIC was at a high level. Moreover, there is a statistically significant effect of the mental image of customers on the market share of YCIC. Based on these findings, the study proposed several recommendations, the most important of which include the company's continued investment in enhancing customers' cognitive aspects by providing accurate and comprehensive information about its products through innovative marketing strategies. Additionally, the company should intensify strategies that promote customer interaction and improve elements related to their experiences, conduct periodic assessments of customer satisfaction and analyze the results to enhance products and services, and develop integrated strategies to reinforce a positive brand image among customers to ensure the continuous expansion of market share.

English requirement courses (ERCs) are crucial for developing undergraduate students’ skills in English at many Arab and international universities. This study investigated the status of ERCs in Yemen in light of similar Arab and international experiences as well as from the perspectives of teachers and students at Yemeni universities, highlighting the need for the transition towards outcomes-based instruction. The descriptive analytical method was adopted to examine the status of ERCs at Yemeni universities and then compare them to their Arab and international counterparts, using a checklist for the titles, credit hours, and number of ERCs. Furthermore, two questionnaires for teachers and students, covering content, teaching strategies and evaluation, were administered separately to samples of 24 teachers and 439 students, selected from 8 public and private universities. Results revealed that there is a mismatch between what is taught in ERCs and what is required by the labor market and students’ specific needs. ERCs seem to be content-based rather than outcomes-based. There is also inconsistency across ERCs in terms of target learning items, which may well be due to the absence of standard intended learning outcomes. To help improve ERCs at Yemeni universities, a proposed framework for ERCs learning outcomes along with a few recommendations were suggested

This research paper explores the concept of leadership in the novel By the Sea through an Islamic lens, distinguishing between the role of a leader and that of a manager. It highlights the evolving nature of leadership in contemporary context, where leaders must be mentors, change-oriented, and advocates for inclusion and ethical practices. The paper draws on the significance of exemplary behavior, as demonstrated by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), highlighting the moral and ethical responsibilities inherent in leadership. Key qualities such as emotional intelligence, strategic thinking, and accountability are identified as essential for efficient leadership. By referencing to Quranic verses and prophetic traditions, the paper emphasizes the idea that true leadership is rooted in service, compassion, and a commitment to the collective welfare of the community. Ultimately, the paper reinforces the Islamic notion that leaders are entrusted "shepherds," accountable for their actions and their influence on society, and thus it urges a holistic understanding of leadership that transcends mere authority or position