Sana'a University Journal of Human Sciences

The purpose of the paper is to identify the Sultan Saleh Al-Quaiti via his book "Evidences Verses on Existence of Beings Creator" and to acknowledge him as one of Yemen's noteworthy figures as well as one of the good people of Hadhramaut and their Sultans. His numerous papers demonstrate how profoundly he was able to draw from and profit from the sciences. Additionally, this work of his has special qualities and scientific worth. Taking the best aspects of both approaches, he tried to blend the theologian's and the interpreter's methods. His masterful presentation of the book showcases his depth of knowledge and comprehension of the subjects. The researcher is motivated to contribute to the enrichment of the Islamic library by advocating for the publication of Sultan Saleh's book in a format that maximizes its utility, thereby acknowledging the invaluable contributions of our esteemed scholars. This paper is structured into two sections: the first section provides a biographical account of the author and his seminal work, while the second section delves into an analysis of the book "The Formation of Matter and Beings". It recommends a comprehensive examination of Sultan Saleh's scientific legacy and urges for the preservation and dissemination of his works to ensure that future generations can access and benefit from his insights. Additionally, the paper recommends a thorough study of Sultan Saleh's life during his time in India prior to assuming leadership roles.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between Yemeni women's use of mobile money technology and their economic empowerment, as well as achieving sustainable development goals in Yemen. To achieve the study objectives, a descriptive analytical methodology was employed. A survey was designed and distributed to (646) Yemeni women users and non-users of mobile financial technology services to collect data. Descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were then used to analyze the data and test the study model and hypotheses.

The findings indicated that Yemeni women's utilization of mobile money services explains (59%) of the variance in their economic empowerment and (28%) of variance in sustainable development. Economic empowerment alone explained (52%) of sustainable development variance. Together, the two variables (mobile money use and empowerment) account for (40%) of sustainable development variance. The study also revealed that Yemeni women's economic empowerment has the strongest influence on achieving sustainability. Finally, it was concluded that economic empowerment partially mediates the relationship between mobile money use and sustainable development.

The study recommends emphasizing and promoting Yemeni women's employment of mobile financial services as well as supporting economic empowerment programs to contribute to sustainable development achievement.

This paper aims to elucidate and underscore the significant presence, profound depth, and inherent linkage of the Palestinian issue in the Qur’anic project of al-Maseerah al-Qur'aniah (the Qur’anic Movement) since its first inception at the hands of the martyr Hussein Badr al-Din al-Houthi, and to highlight the factors and reasons behind this presence, depth, and centrality of the Palestinian issue in the Qur’anic project of al-Maseerah al-Qur'aniah. The research also extrapolates the theoretical and practical examples and manifestations that confirm that centrality and that interest. The problem of the research was represented by the current skepticism caused by some media mouthpieces and hypocritical voices in the  Ummah (Islamic World) regarding the consequences resulting from the Yemeni position in light of the Qur’anic march in support of the Palestinian cause.                                                                                        

The importance of this study stems from the fact that it will highlight the real presence of the Palestinian issue in al-Maseerah al-Qur'aniah Project, and the position that the Palestinian issue has taken in the literature, visions, positions, and actions of this project from the very beginnings of its launch.                                                                              

This paper sought to investigate the economic and social circumstances of the populace residing in the two islands(Socotra and Kamaran). Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, the study utilized various data collection tools such as individual and group interviews, as well as questionnaires. A purposive sampling technique was employed, comprising local community members hailing from the islands of Socotra and Kamaran, encompassing a total of 1005 respondents spanning the period from 1990 to 2013. Additionally, participants included representatives from civil society organizations, business entities, local authorities, and local councils.

The study unveiled several key findings, notably highlighting the prevailing neglect and evident deficiencies experienced by both islands, with Kamaran Island facing particularly pronounced challenges. It underscored a pervasive lack of focus on Yemeni islands, specifically Socotra and Kamaran.

In light of the study's outcomes, recommendations were put forth, emphasizing the imperative nature of prioritizing education, especially among women. Furthermore, suggestions were made to channel national resources towards diversified investments to mitigate unemployment in these two islands and to enact legislative measures aimed at safeguarding the seas against various forms of piracy.

Water covers approximately 71% of the Earth's surface, making seas and straits strategically vital regions globally. The Yemeni Republic boasts a uniquely strategic maritime location among world nations, particularly as a coastal state to the crucial Bab-el-Mandeb Strait. The international community, in pursuit of mutual interests among nations and to prevent threats to international peace and security, and in alignment with the primary purpose of the United Nations Charter – 'to maintain international peace and security' – has long sought to establish international legal frameworks to resolve maritime disputes between states. These efforts have taken the form of rulings by the International Court of Justice, such as in the Corfu Channel Case (1946), and international conferences aimed at reaching international conventions regulating the rights and duties of nations at sea. After several attempts, these endeavors culminated in the signing of the 1982 Convention, which introduced, for the first time, a special regime for international straits ('right of transit passage'), safeguarding the rights of coastal states. Given the military events and operations in the Red Sea and the Arabian Sea following the October 7 flood in the occupied Palestinian territories, which directly impacted the navigation of certain vessels owned by or associated with the Zionist entity, as well as American and British ships, due to grave violations committed by these nations in clear contravention of the principles of international law embodied in the UN Charter, it is imperative to examine the legality of Yemen's actions in preventing these vessels from passing through the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, as well as the attacks carried out by the Yemeni armed forces in this context, leading to a set of conclusions and recommendations.

This research aims to identify the most important global classifications currently used in classifying universities, as well as to identify the level of classification of Yemeni universities according to the indicators of these classifications. It also aims to develop a proposed vision to improve the performance of universities according to the criteria by which universities are ranked. To achieve these aims, the conduction of the research depended on both the deductive comparison as a method of thinking, and the descriptive approach as an operational method to stand on the reality of Yemeni universities in global classifications. the most important criteria of these classifications to advance their performance within these classifications. The research tools were the references and reports related to the research topic.

The findings of the research show that the most famous global classifications are the Shanghai ranking (ARWU), the Times ranking (THE), the QS ranking, and the Webometrics ranking. It is also found that there is a decline in the classification levels of Yemeni universities compared to many Arab and foreign universities. In light of the research findings, a mechanism is identified according to the criteria of the abovementioned classifications to improve the performance of universities, which in turn is reflected in the advancement of the universities' classification.

The present study aims to determine the role of transformational leadership in its dimensions (ideal impact, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individual considerations, empowerment) in achieving the outstanding performance of the telecommunications sector in Yemen.

The researchers adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and to collect field data, the questionnaire tool was used, and the study population was determined by (452) administrative leaders in three companies in the telecommunications sector. (325) questionnaires were distributed in a non-relativistic stratified random manner, and after conducting the analysis of the data, the study reached the following results:

The level of availability of dimensions of transformational leadership for the telecommunications sector in Yemen from the point of view of workers in general was high, with an arithmetic mean of (3.70) with a standard deviation of (0.786) at a rate of (74%). The level of availability of dimensions of outstanding performance for the telecommunications sector in Yemen from the point of view of workers in general was high, with an arithmetic mean of (3.61) with a standard deviation of (0.724) at a rate of (72.4%). The results of the study also showed that there is a statistically significant impact of transformational leadership in its dimensions (ideal impact, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individual considerations, empowerment) on the outstanding performance of the telecommunications sector in Yemen.

The study aims to identify the nature of the relationship between work Ethics in the Education Office in Hodeidah Governorate and its Relationship to Administrative Performance from the point of view of job. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach, and a questionnaire was created containing (40) items distributed among two axes, which are: administrative work ethics, which include (6) dimensions: (transparency, justice, discipline, respect, honesty, cooperation); and the second axis is administrative performance. The research sample amounted to (40) administrators. The results of the study revealed: the work Ethics dimensions(6) (transparency, justice, discipline, respect, honesty, cooperation) leads to improving job p Administrative Performance the Education Office in Hodeidah Governorate the existence of a positive direct relationship with statistical significance between administrative work ethics and administrative performance, indicating that administrative work ethics have a role in improving and progressing administrative performance in the Education Office in Hodeidah Governorate, through the individual feeling as if he/she is part of the organization, which prompts him/her to maintain his moral values and be keen to provide the best in his/her tasks and duties. The research also recommends the following: conducting training programs on administrative work ethics, and ensuring the broadcasting of ethical regulations and codes within the institution.

This paper examines an important historical document that represents a significant human heritage: the message sent by Imam Ali, may God be pleased with him, to Al-Ashtar Al-Nakh’i, the governor of Egypt. The message outlines fundamental principles of governance, politics, judiciary, and state administration, as well as guidance on how to interact with subjects. The focus of this study is on the judicial aspect, particularly in relation to the modern foundation of administrative judiciary known as the judiciary of grievances. The paper analyzes the characteristics of the judiciary of grievances presented in the historical document, exploring three main thematic axes and drawing important conclusions and recommendations.

The subject of the research relates to collecting the sayings of Yazid ibn Harun regarding the narrators, whether they are narrated or modified, then comparing them with the sayings of the scholars. It aims to highlight the status of Yazid ibn Harun among the scholars, explain the importance of his sayings regarding the narrators and modify them, and try to limit them from his books, then know his sayings about that, and know their implications that he wanted. Including Yazid bin Harun, with an introduction to the characteristics of his approach, and the great efforts he made in serving the Sunnah of the Prophet. The research also examines the sources that wrote down his sayings about the narrators, and the researcher took the method of induction and analysis of Yazid ibn Harun’s sayings about the narrators, to present the features of his approach. The researcher reached scientific results, the most notable of which are: Yazid ibn Harun’s agreement in many of his rulings with the majority of scholars, and the emergence of Moderation in his approach to judging narrators, and his speech about them varied in terms of criticism, modification, quotation, translation, and even talk about the sciences of hadith.

The research aims at determining the importance degree of national education school teachers training who are non-professionally qualified in the light of professional certified standards. To achieve this, the researcher used the descriptive survey approach and used the questionnaire as a tool applied to a simple random sample, at which (55) educational supervisors at the education office in capital city. They represent (10%) of the research population of (546) male and female educational supervisors. The research reached a number of results, most notably that the general average of degrees of training importance for all questionnaire areas questionnaire as a whole is (2.39), the average of the standard deviations (0.57), the average percentages of degree of importance (71,07%) with a degree of verbal importance (very important). The general average of degrees of training importance for all questionnaire criteria as a whole is (2.38), the average of the standard deviations (0.57), the average percentages of degree of importance (70.79%), with a degree of verbal importance (very important). The general average of degrees of training importance for all questionnaire criteria indicators as a whole is (2.39), the average of the standard deviations (0.57), the average percentages of degree of importance (70.86%), with a degree of verbal importance (very important). Based on the resultd; the researcher recommends to prepare a training program for national education schools teachers who are non-professionally qualified, according to professional accreditation standards to help them  acquire effective teaching skills and develop their abilities in the field of teaching.

The study amis at assessing the effectiveness of a constructivist learning program in developing grammatical thinking skills among (female) high school students in the Republic of Yemen. To achieve this, the researcher employed the analytical descriptive and Quasi-experimental with control and experimental groups methodologies, utilized a grammatical thinking skills checklist, conducted a test to measure these skills, implemented an educational program based on the constructivist learning model. The research sample consisted of 100 first-year female students in Sana'a, the capital city, selected purposively and Divided into two groups equally: The first is an experimental one from Al-Shahid Al-Hamdi School taught using the constructivist learning program, and the control group The second is an officer from Shahdar Al-Sabeen School taught using traditional methods. The study yielded the following results:

• The presence of a statistically significant effect at a significance level (0.05) for the effectiveness of the constructivist learning program in developing critical thinking skills among first-year high school female students.
• The presence of statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the means of the experimental and control groups in the two-dimensional application of the test of grammatical thinking skills in favor of the experimental group، and these differences support the program based on primitive learning.
• The presence of statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the means of the experimental and control groups in the two-dimensional application of the test of grammatical thinking skills in favor of the experimental group, and these differences support the program based on primitive learning.

The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a proposed educational program that integrates literary texts and rhetoric in enhancing rhetorical tasting skills among the tenth-grade students in the capital city of Sana'a. To achieve this objective, an experimental curriculum was implemented using a design involving experimental and control groups. Research tools included the development of a list of rhetorical tasting skills, the creation of an achievement test focused on rhetorical tasting skills, and the design of an educational program integrating literary texts and rhetoric to enhance rhetorical tasting skills. The study sample comprised (100) tenth-grade students who were divided equally into two groups: one group received instruction in literary texts and rhetoric through the integrated approach, while the other group received instruction through traditional methods. Pre- and post-tests were administered to both groups to assess the effectiveness of the program. The results indicated significant differences at a (0.05) level between the average scores of the experimental and control groups in terms of their application of rhetorical tasting skills, with the experimental group demonstrating greater improvement. The findings suggest the importance of incorporating integration-based strategies and activities in Arabic language instruction, enhancing the school curriculum, and enhancing teachers' competencies in integration methodologies

The study is divided into nine sections, commencing with an exploration of the linguistic definition of piety and its conceptualization within the context of the Qur’anic culture. Piety is elucidated as a state characterized by caution, vigilance, discipline, and practical commitment to the commands and prohibitions of God, emphasizing its foundational role as a pillar from which various aspects of faith emanate. The significance of piety is underscored, particularly in its relevance to engaging with the People of the Book, as well as its implications for individual righteousness and ethical transactions. Furthermore, the study delves into the intrinsic connection between piety and complete faith, positing that the attainment of both is contingent upon adherence to God and His prescribed means, such as fasting and upholding justice. The text also expounds on specific exemplars of piety, including attributes such as when God says: (That is, they are those who remain steadfast in the cause of Truth; who do not lose heart when they either suffer losses or are subjected to afflictions; who do not despair when they encounter reverses; who are not seduced by temptations) [Surah Aali 'Imran: 17] Additionally, the study addresses the tangible benefits and rewards associated with piety in both worldly life and the afterlife, encompassing outcomes such as attaining Paradise, the acceptance of virtuous deeds, and divine protection. Conversely, the repercussions of forsaking piety are elucidated, encompassing outcomes such as the non-acceptance of deeds and divine retribution. Finally, the study concludes with a summary of its findings and general research indices.

This study tackles a highly important topic in private law and procedural law, namely the concept of laying an attachment on a debtor’s property held by a third party within a comparative framework. The study included an introduction that covered the research problem, its questions, rationale, significance, and methodology. The study is organized into two sections preceded by a preface which introduced the meaning of the concept of laying an attachment on a debtor’s property held by a third party.The first section presented the origin and development of the concept of laying an attachment on a debtor’s property held by a third party and showing its significance. In the second section, the researcher identified the concept of laying an attachment on a debtor’s property held by a third party with special focus on its legal nature. The study concluds with the most important research findings and recommendations.

This study aims to explore the narrations regarding the reasons for Quranic revelations and their effects on individuals and society, given their significant importance in this noble field. It provides an overview of the definitions of narrations concerning the reasons for Quranic revelations, the reliance of scholars on them, their benefits, and their effects. It also highlights the narrations regarding the descent of revelation upon the Prophet, his supplication, jihad, glad tidings, generosity, and his tribe's response and love, as well as the effects of all these on individuals and society. The researcher employed a descriptive methodology based on induction, analysis, and deduction.

The study concluds with several key findings, including that narrations are transmitted through chains of narrators, citing the Prophet, his companions, or scholars of the Tabi'in such as Mujahid and others. The effects and benefits of narrations concerning the causes of Quranic revelations include the connection between the Quran and the realities experienced by individuals and society. The narrations also depict the Prophet's state during the descent of revelation upon him, his supplication, jihad, glad tidings, and generosity, along with his presence among his tribe providing them with protection from punishment. The study also emphasizes that responding to Allah and His Messenger, loving them, and obeying them lead to strong faith and entry into Paradise.

African American history is the black spot in the history of humanity since it represents mankind as monsters who enjoy hurting others and feel the pleasure of looking at them crying loudly due to pain. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to shed light on the history of Afro-American literature to know why African American history is full of gloomy memories and to highlight the well-known figures in it. This paper is an analytical and descriptive study and the data are taken from relevant books, theses, essays, and journals. The cultural and historical aspects of this data through close reading and by using comparative and critical methods are studied. Since Yaa Gyasi is one of the African American authors who wants to show the real picture of black people suffering during and after slavery. It was decided to analyze her novel Homegoing. This paper ends up proving that the Afro-Americans faced without any mercy all kinds of oppression, horrors, and pains from slavery, segregation, and the white community discrimination due to their color and ethnicity as it was protruded in Homegoing. As a result, literature was seen as a perfect tool to tell the world what happened to black people and many black authors like Yaa Gyasi became famous icons in the world of literature because of their massive contributions in the field of Afro-American Literature.

This paper is entitled "Voices of the Voiceless in Alice Walker's The Color Purple," reflects the voices of a group of female protagonists fighting for equality in a degraded society where inequality exists between men and women.

Mostly, the female protagonist Celie represents all the abused, raped, oppressed female characters in the novel.

With the help of other female characters like Nettie, Sofia and Shug, she grows into an independent woman who not only stands for herself but also helps and motivates other suppressed women emerge from their state of helplessness to be stronger financially, mentally and physically.

The collective voice raised by all the females in this novel is the voice for equality, justice and self-identification, which is not only liberates them but is also the beginning of liberation for all.

This study investigated the difficulties used in writing theses and dissertations in the departments of English at Yemeni universities. Data was collected from 100 MA and Ph.D. students through a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS descriptive statistics. The results revealed that Yemeni postgraduate students face various difficulties, including selecting the appropriate tense, utilizing proper academic phrases, writing an effective topic sentence for each paragraph, employing cohesive devices such as ellipses, reporting qualitative results, and completing writing the thesis od dissertation before the deadline . The results also showed that the reasons for these difficulties attributed to the lack of reading, selecting a suitable study topic, and formulating a clear problem statement . To help postgraduate students overcome these difficulties, supervisors recommended various strategies. The most commonly suggested strategies included implementing a reading strategy, attending a specialized course for developing research proposals, and seeking guidance through a consulting strategy. The researcher recommended prioritizing reading to improve writing proficiency, selecting a manageable research topic, approaching the topic from different perspectives to avoid repetition, seeking guidance from experts and peers during thesis writing, formulating a clear, preparing research problem statement in their proposals, participating in specialized courses to learn how to write research proposals, and initiating the writing process by engaging in reading, brainstorming ideas, and elaborating upon them.