Sana'a University Journal of Human Sciences

The judicial system in Islam is distinguished from man-made systems in many aspects that are unique to the Islamic judiciary. Human، its owners focus on achieving worldly material benefits، without looking at outcomes، and without looking at the devotional aspects that give people peace and contentment، and achieve happiness in this world and the hereafter.

The Islamic judiciary system includes many specializations، lofty principles، and splendid judgment that achieve justice and are not found in others، because its source is divine، and its goals are sublime، and by applying it، security and tranquility will come.

           This research aimed to identify the challenges facing scientific research in community colleges in Yemen in the eyes of academic members. To achieve this aim, the descriptive approach was adopted in its survey method. Then a questionnaire, which consisted of (34) items and distributed to four fields, was applied to an intentional sample of (120) academic members. The research reached a number of results, the most important of which are: the field of challenges facing scientific research in the community colleges in Yemen got a high degree compared to the total score and to the fields of financial, technical, and academic challenges, while the field of legislative and legal challenges got a very high degree. The results also showed that there are statistically significant differences at the (0,05 a ≥) level of significance attributed to the academic rank variable at the total score, and at all the fields in favor of the teacher rank. In the light of these results, the research concluded a number of recommendations and proposals.

The study dealt with characterizing and analyzing of the root " ʾmn "  in the inscriptions of Al-Musnad, to reveal its formulas and the connotations of these formulas through the context of the inscriptions, in order to show aspects of the convergence between the ancient Yemeni language and the Arabic language and its counterparts in other Semites. This study aims to prove that this language is of Arabic origin. And the origin is not a language that closes the understanding, and the researcher followed in this study the descriptive analytical approach without neglecting the aspect of comparison between the ancient Yemeni dialects and classical Arabic or other Semitic languages, or between them and the modern Yemeni dialects and the study was divided into two sections, preceded by a preliminary and the results reached by this study, including that this root was mentioned frequently in the inscriptions The ancient Yemeni form came in inscriptions dating back to the first millennium BC, and the study revealed the amazing richness of this root in semantic transformers and suggestive values, and that there are methods and expressions used in the ancient Yemeni language for this term, and similar ones were found in Arabic usage and in the Holy Qur’an.      

The research aims to highlight the scientific personality of the scholar Ali Bahnan, who grew up in an important period in the modern history of Hadhramout, during which Hadrami scholars rose to build a contemporary society for all variables.

   He grew up in 'Ainat and had a prominent role in its renaissance. He continued to move between 'Ainat and Tarim, then he was called to Aden, then abroad. He traveled to Saudi Arabia (the country of the Two Holy Mosques) and Africa, and in them he met some Maliki scholars, which made him imitate the Maliki school of thought. Because he saw it as the appropriate doctrine for the nation and handsome in the matter of worshiping it.

     He was a scientific encyclopedia, as he worked with teaching, and he was engaged in rhetoric, imams, guidance, and calling to God, and he took over marriage contracts, issuing fatwas, and participating in charitable works, as he took over the judiciary in the year (1387 AH).

     He died in the year (1391 AH) and left a great scientific wealth in various sciences, from Hadith, Jurisprudence, Belief, Biography, History, Poetry, Literature, Culture, and others.

The problem of soil erosion is one of the problems that many countries of the world suffer from, especially countries with complex topography and arid and semi-arid areas. Soil erosion causes the loss of large quantities and areas of fertile arable soil, especially in the mountainous regions of Yemen. This research aims to calculate the amount of eroded soil by applying the Global Equation of Soil Erosion (RUSLE) model using remote sensing technology and geographic information systems. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Landsat-9 satellite images were used to calculate the amount of soil lost and predict the amount of eroded soil in the (Dhamar-Yarim) basin in Yemen. The results showed that the rate of soil loss in the study area ranged between 1-113 tons/ha/year, at an annual rate of 11.9 tons/ha/year. The total amount of soil lost or eroded annually is about 1,025,500 tons. The areas with a high risk of water erosion amount to about 3% of the total area of the study area, concentrated in the southern regions, as in the Yarim basin. The study area in general is classified as having light erosion, as the areas where the amount of erosion is less than 1 ton/ha/year reaching an area of 73% of the total area of the area. The use of modern geographical techniques is an effective and useful tool that saves effort, time and money in studying the problem of water erosion.

      Water runoff is one of the most important water resources in arid and semi-arid environments. The amount of surface runoff is important for engineers working in the field of designing irrigation projects and water facilities. Therefore, the study aims to estimate the volume of surface runoff in the Zabid Wadi Basin, in Yemen, with approximately area of (5364.96 km²). Geospatial Analysis was implemented using Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. Landsat-8 imagery was integrated with digital elevation model (DEM) to perform the analysis. Hydrological characteristics, land use and land cover, climate and soil classification based on the American Soil Conservative Services (SCS-CN), which is one of the most common methods for calculating the volume of surface runoff in rainwater aggregations. The study found that Zabid Wadi basin has hydrological conditions enable to generate water flow during periods of rainfall. This is due to the high value of the (CN) curve of (84). The values of (QV) ranged between (758,700,000-562,926) m³, and the surface runoff volume was (14308647640) m³. This confirms that there is a large amount of runoff water in the study area.

The Ottoman Empire was able to assume control over three continents (Asia, Africa and Europe), and in its reign the decline began, and the Ottomans moved from attack to defense. Then, they alerted to reforming and developing the state's systems, to no avail.

As for Yemen, the political conditions it went through helped the Ottoman Empire to return to it, and it took control of Sanaa in 1289 H - 1872 after it had withdrawn from it in 1045 H - 1635. Yemen remained in its second period – Empire of forty-five years, which was run by twenty-one wails (governors), whose policies and terms of office varied.

As for the Wali, Mohammed Ezzat Pasha - the subject of the current research - he faced resistance and rejection of the presence of the Ottoman forces in some regions of Yemen, perhaps the most important of which are: Asir, Aanis, Hajjah, Sa'ada, Hashid, Arhab, Khawlan, and others.

Wars and battles took place between the two parties in many of these regions, but the Wali, Mohammed Ezzat Pasha followed the policy of inciting the tribes against each other, and sowing discord and conflict between them, thus he achieved influence among these tribes. He also attracted some sheikhs by paying them monthly salaries, and he was able to achieve relative stability thanks to this policy.

Despite his efforts to cooling off, he did not overlook the service and architectural aspects, most of which are explained in this research.

The research aimed to know the effectiveness of a program based on the constructivist systemic approach in developing reading comprehension skills among secondary school students in the Republic of Yemen. The research used the semi-experimental approach and the descriptive approach. Due to their suitability to the nature of the research, the randomly selected sample consisted of (80) female students from the first secondary grade from Maeen and Al-Khansa schools ,affiliated to the schools of the capital Sana'a , they were distributed equally in to two experimental and control groups, the experimental reading course-the first part –using the structural and systemic approach, while the students of Division (c) of Al-Khansa school the control group, studied the same course in the usual way ,and the tools consisted in preparing a list of reading comprehension skills ,numbering (26) skills, distributed among five the levels are (literal comprehension-deductive comprehension-critical comprehension -laste comprehension- creative comprehension),then converting them into a questionnaire to know the relative weight of each skill, preparing reading comprehension skills test consisting of (16) questions, and preparing a teacher's guide using the structural and systemic approach .After application and statistical analysis of the data the results showed that there were statically significant differences at the level (0,05) between the mean group scores of the experimental and control group students in the dimensional reading comprehension skills test in favor of the systemic constructive approach ,where the effect size was (0,82

The study aimed to identify the reality of the use of information technology in the management of human resources in private university libraries in Sana'a, and the researcher used the survey method to prepare this study. ) library, which owns central libraries adopting these librarians as a study sample. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: All departments of private universities libraries, the study sample, depend on the use of information technology, at a rate of (100%), and all human resources departments in these libraries all use automated systems to carry out all services, activities and procedures that they carry out. In addition to the use of electronic management of human resources. Among the most important recommendations of the study: Human resources departments in private universities should continue to modernize and develop the infrastructure and technical equipment, in accordance with information technology developments. They also seek to provide financial and moral support to their employees in order to encourage them to use information technology to develop resources. In order to achieve the satisfaction of the beneficiaries of the services provided by the libraries, in addition to working on updating the automated system used in them, so that the workers can keep pace with recent developments in information technology, and provide sources of information to the beneficiaries at a high speed and with less effort.

The study aimed to collect the narrations related to the arrival of the delegation of the Yemeni Himyar tribe to the Prophet. the books of knowledge of the companions printed from it . He did not adhere to specific books in order to absorb the narrations of this delegation in the period that He specified as a subject for his study، then he followed that up by studying its chains of narrators in a careful study to clarify the correct statement from others. Relying in that on the method of the Hadith scholars in their criticism of the narrations. It required the nature of the study to be from an introduction and three sections as for the preamble. the researcher dealt with the concept of the delegation in terms of its definition in language and terminology. In the first topic، the researcher dealt with the narrations related to the arrival of the arrival of the Himyarite kings in terms of collecting، arranging and studying its chains of transmission. In the second topic، He dealt with the researcher is the answer of the Messenger of God to the book Kings of Himyar، and how the Messenger of God celebrated the Himyaric turnout to Islam، so he wrote to the leaders of Himyar who wrote it. praising their conversion to Islam، approving them of their property، specifying their duties، their rights and explained to them their princes who are entrusted with managing their affairs، praised their virtue with him، sent men from his companions to them and made their leader Muadh bin Jabal. In the third topic، the researcher dealt with the most important lessons that learned from the delegation of the Himyar tribe. the study reached to identify the approach of the Prophet In his dealings with the delegations that came to him. by confirming the practice of the Prophet with exemplary practical examples which are better than what the leaders’ practices have reached today. His distinguished behavior and great leadership characteristics are attested to as is

Keyword: payment، invalidity، preventive detention، public order، interest of the litigants. evident in his dealings with the delegations as he gave each delegation its status. The study concluded through the narrations about the nature and method of the call addressed to the kings of Himyar that the Messenger of God sent them more than one messenger. the first of whom was Al-Muhajir bin Abi Umayyah that was in the seventh year of migration. When none of the kings of Himyar surrendered in this At that time. the Messenger of God repeated the ball in the ninth year which is stated in the narrations that Malik bin Marara Al-Rahawi was the one who brought the glad tidings of the conversion of the Himyar kings. He met the Messenger of God in Medina in the month of Ramadan from the ninth year that was the turn of the Messenger of God from Tabuk. In light of the results، the study presented a set of recommendations and proposals.

The study aimed to determine the quality of educational services and their relationship with student satisfaction at Azal University for Human Development. The study used the descriptive-analytical approach and a questionnaire to collect the data. The study population consisted of 1588 students from Azal University for Human Development, and a purposive stratified sample of 215 students was selected, with a percentage of (10%) from each college. The most essential results of the study were that the level of quality of educational services at Azal University was moderate, with a mean value of 3.33, and the level of student satisfaction with the services provided was also moderate, with a mean of 3.34. The study also revealed a positive relationship between the quality of educational services and student satisfaction at Azal University. The study recommended focusing on the quality of educational services, continuously improving, and developing them, updating the required standards for the inputs and outputs of the educational process, and updating practical specializations to meet market requirements.

   This research aims to clarify the sources of interpretation of Imam Al –kokbani(may Allaah have mercy on him through his Tafsir al - Manan، in which he combined the art of narration and know-how، and was distinguished by originality and accuracy of the phrase.the first and most correct of these sources is the interpretation of the Qur'an by the Qur'an، then by the interpretation of the prophetic Sunnah because it explained the Holy Qur'an and explained to him، and then by the sayings of the companions، because the Holy Qur'an was revealed in their language، and because they informed people about the Customs and conditions of the Arabs and because they had the power of understanding، erudition and perception.

     The research showed that the interpretation of the Qur'an by the Qur'an is what the Holy Qur'an included، and what was narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is an argument because he gained authority from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) because he is infallible، and what was narrated from those without him from the companions (may Allaah be pleased with them) is out of Ijtihad and not an argument.

The primary aim of this study was to find out how the Yemeni secondary school mentor-teachers perceived ""Mentoring in Thought and Action"- a mentoring program implemented by the Ministry of Education and conducted in the academic year 2014. To get adequate data, the descriptive methodology was used. The data were gathered through a questionnaire containing 25 closed-ended questions and two open-ended ones. Twenty mentor-teachers who joined this program were chosen purposefully to participate in this study. The results showed that the participants had positive perceptions towards the mentoring program with a total (M=3.20 & SD= 1.11) in spite of some difficulties happened in the same year. Recommendations called policy makers, educational authorities, and school administrators to support the mentoring process either formally or informally by means of conducting further mentoring programs, workshops, discussions, visits, etc. to improve the quality of English language teaching and learning in the Yemeni situation.     

The present paper focuses on the diaporic Iraqis’ bitter experiences during the American invasion in Iraq. The writer, Anaam Kachachi, presents her own struggle to assert self-identity throughout her autobiographical writings, she first was as an exile from Iraq, and later she immigrates to Paris. In Kachachi’s the American Grandduaghter, Kachachi expresses diasporic themes such as nostalgia, exile, hybridized^[1] identity, homesickness and patriotism. Further, she sets her novels against backdrop of the American colonization and dictatorship of Iraqi Sadam Hussien. In other words, she explores the reality of the American colonial war on Iraqi citizens throughout representing some characters such as; Zeina’s grandmother, Rahm, and Tawoos’s son, Muhaymen. Therefore, Kachachi gives voice to the Iraqi marginalized nations to prove their patriotism, when Zeina says, “I just repeat after my father: I’d give my right hand if I should ever forget you, Baghdad” (AD^[2]  180). Kachachi attempts to draw the attention of the readers towards the process of neo-colonialism and U.S. invasion of the Arab-Islamic countries on the disguise of liberation, democracy, development and human rights…, etc.

[1]hybridized identity: the term ‘hybridity’ is related to critical theorist, HomiBhabha, he is an Indian-British scholar. One of his central ideas is that of "hybridisation," which, taking up from Edward Said's work, describes new cultural forms from identity fragmentation. Bhabha shows how its histories and cultures constantly intrude on the present, demanding that we transform our understanding of cross-cultural relations. His work transformedto colonial texts.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homi_K._Bhabha

[2]  Kachachi’s novel, The American Granddaughter.

The basin of Wadi al-Saqiyah is one of the basins of seasonal valleys in the northern regions of Yemen, and given the importance of the valley and the availability of the elements of agriculture, and the interest in the possibility of its rehabilitation, this study will present results and proposals based on the study of morphometric characteristics, spatial characteristics, and the characteristics of the water drainage network, as well as identifying some variables Hydrology, using analytical methods that deal with the phenomena of the earth’s surface using data taken from satellite visuals, the digital elevation model (DEM) and topographic maps, using geographic information systems to extract results and establish a morphometric and hydrological database, and the study recommends the need to use geographic information systems in determining the most appropriate sites for the construction of dams And water barriers to feed groundwater, and water retention in proportion to the amount of water, taking into account the future dimension, the increase in the population of the region, and the doubling of their water needs.

The aim of the research is to identify the reality of the healthy diet of the players of the first national football team in both Yemen and Iraq, and to compare the reality of the healthy diet of the players in the two countries. 21) Yemeni players & (19) Iraqi players were selected by the deliberate method, and the research tool was a questionnaire consisting of two axes.

The results of the research concluded that the reality of the diet is average for the players of the Yemeni national team and good for the players of the Iraqi national team from the point of view of the research sample (players). The results also found that there are statistically significant differences between the players of the Yemeni and Iraqi national teams in the reality of the healthy diet and in favor of Players of the first Iraqi national football team.

  The two researchers recommended many recommendations, the most important of which is the continuous interest in raising the level of food culture and improving the reality of the diet of players, especially the players of the Yemeni national team, and conducting more studies and research on the reality of the diet of players in various sports.

The study aimed to determine the relationship between level of strategic flexibility and knowledge management. The study used a descriptive-analytical approach and the study population consisted of academic leaders at the University of Science and Technology, totaling 45 employees. The sample was selected using the comprehensive enumeration method (44 individuals), representing 97% of all colleges. A questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The study results showed a positive relationship between strategic flexibility and knowledge management at the University of Science and Technology. The sample individuals' opinions about the level of strategic flexibility were high, with an average score of 3.84, and a high approval rate.

This study aims to identify the impact of teaching physics using differentiated education strategies in developing the skills of solving the physical issue and the attitude towards the subject among the students of the 3nd grade secondary of Schools at Sanhan district - Sana'a Governorate. to implement it, the researcher used the semi-experimental approach, and the study tools consisted of testing the skills of solving the physical issue, and the measure of attitudes towards physics, and after verifying their validity and reliability, they were applied to a sample of (75) male and female students from the third secondary grade in Abrar Al Yemen schools. They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups, males (20) students, females (19) students who studied using differentiated education strategies, and two control groups, males (18) students, and females (18) students, who studied using the prevailing method in schools ,The results of the study showed the effectiveness of differentiated education strategies in developing physics problem-solving skills and the attitude towards physics, with a large effect size at the level of significance (α˂ 0.05) in favor of the experimental groups, male and female. on the basis of results, many recommendations are stated, at them focusing on Solving the physical problem through the curricula and presenting it directly, and training teachers to develop it in their students, using modern strategies such as differentiated education strategies.

This study aimed at investigating the EFL students' attitudes towards using the guided imagery strategy in developing their writing skills. The study used the descriptive approach with quantitative design to achieve its objectives. A random sample of 24 EFL second level students in the Faculty of Education at Ibb University were selected to participate purposefully in the study. Data were collected through two close-ended questionnaires as the instruments of the study. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The obtained data were calculated and tabulated for analysis using descriptive statistics (means, standard deviation, rank mean, and sum of ranks).  The results of the study showed the perception of the EFL students about the most important writing skills.  In light of these results, the most important writing skills were distributed on four main domains, including 40 items in terms of organization, content, grammar and mechanics. The results also showed the EFL students' highly positive attitudes towards using the guided imagery strategy in developing their writing skills. This study recommended investigating the application of the guided imagery strategy in developing EFL students' other language skills as well as implementing this strategy in different faculties and universities.

The study aimed at measuring the impact of talent management on the organizational performance of industrial companies in Hodeidah governorate. The analytical descriptive method was followed using a questionnaire to collect the primary data، the sample size (212) individuals,. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and structural equation modeling using partial least squares (Smart-PLS-SEM). Based on the analysis, it is found that there is an impact of talent management on the organizational performance of the companies in question. In particular, an impact is found for the talents’ attraction and talent development dimensions on organizational performance. In contrast, there was no effect recorded of the talent motivation and retention dimensions in the organizational performance of the companies in consideration. In the light of the results, it is recommended for the industrial management to adopt the application of talent management in their companies as a modern management topic, which contributes to improve organizational performance. This will be achieved through the establishment of a talent management unit within the organizational structure of companies concerned with implementing talent management functions.

This study aims at measuring the impact of transformational leadership on the behavior of organizational citizenship in the Yemeni Red Sea Ports Corporation and knowing the level of practicing transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior in the institution under study. It uses the descriptive analytical approach. A study population of 1200 individuals was selected from workers at all administrative levels. Then, a study sample of 291 individuals was selected by using the relative stratified random sampling method. The questionnaire responses valid for analysis were 289. The data were processed statistically using SPSS28 and SMART PLS4. The study has reached a number of findings; the most important of which are: the existence of a quite low level of transformational leadership method; a medium level of organizational citizenship behavior, besides the existence of a positive impact on organizational citizenship behavior at the overall level of transformational leadership as the dimension of individual consideration had the highest impact followed by the dimension of intellectual stimulation having the least influence; however, the organizational citizenship behavior was not affected by the dimensions of ideal effect and inspirational motivation. The study provided a number of recommendations; the most important of which is the need to pay attention to the transformational leadership method for its considerable impact on organizational citizenship behavior.

This research addresses the issue of the propulsion of lying about the narrator, with the aim of knowing the evidence through which lying about the narrator can be paid, resulting in its modification, demobilization, acceptance or reply.

I took the inductive approach, extrapolating the texts of modern scholars and their applications in propelling lying about the narrator, and the analytical approach by analyzing those texts to arrive at the evidence of propelling lying about the narrator.

its section for introduction, prelude, researchers and conclusion; Introduction: I mentioned the reasons for the selection of the subject, its importance, its problem, its objectives, its approach and plan, and mentioned in the preliminary introduction some of the matters that are an input to the main topic of research, such as the narrator's mistake and intentional lying, and in the first research: the evidence of the propulsion of lying about the narrator that relates to his or her updating, narrative and hearing, and in the second study: the evidence of lying about the narrator's situation.

One of the most notable findings of the research is that not everyone who has told a lie may have made a mistake, a clip, or been included in his book, but also the possibility that contemporary scholar could use these clues to weigh those who have disagreed between his mistake and his lies.

This study aimed to measure the role of strategic leadership with its dimensions (Strategic Direction, Preserving core capabilities, developing human capital, organizational culture, balanced organizational oversight, emphasizing ethical practices)  in achieving competitive advantage with its dimensions (cost, quality, flexibility, delivery, creativity) in private hospitals in the capital Sana'a.

Through a comprehensive survey, the study targeted all employees of senior leadership (administrative, medical, technical) in private hospitals (Field Study), and the study population totaled (251) leaders and (230) questionnaires were analyzed.

The study followed the descriptive analytical approach and the study relied on the questionnaire as a main tool for a data collection. The data was analyzed using Application of the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structures ( AMOS).

The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which was the existence of a positive role for strategic leadership in achieving the competitive advantage in private hospitals ( field study).

There is also a great concern of the strategic leadership in all its dimensions. The highest of these dimensions was available after the strategic direction and the least of them was the development of human capital. There is also a great interest in competitive advantage as it has been more achieved quality and flexibility, the least of them is creativity.

The study concluded with a number of recommendation, the most important of which was the continuation of the practice of strategic leadership by private hospitals ( field f study) and the advancement of this practice by using modern scientific methods to achieve the goals of hospitals and the need to encourage the participation of workers in decision-making, preparing future leaders, adopting electronic marketing in private hospitals ( field study), granting satisfactory incentives to employees to encourage creativity.

This research is an Objective study on the word (FASL) judgment in the Holy Quran focusing on where it is mentioned in the Quran. The word (FASL) is mentiones in the Quean in a possesor to a day and a word، which made two compounds of a judgment day and a judgment word. The study also fucusses on all related issues to these two compounds، the concept of the word and the places of its receipt directly and indirectly. It also spots on occasions that this word was associated with the Day of Judgement.

The aim of this research is to investigate    The Effect of a Proposed Program to Improving the Shooting Skill of juniors in Al-Mina Club in Aden Governorate. The sample of the study consisted of 12 players who were purposefully selected from the original research population of 22 players. The experimental method was used a one-group pretest-posttest design to measure the pre and post-training performance of the group. The program was applied for a period of three months, consisting of 72 training units (6 units per week). the skillful ability (forward shooting) were studied from outside the bows. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the preand post measurements in the skiggfui front shot from free throws and in favor of the bost measurement. The researchers recommended the need to pay attention to similar training programs and appli these programs to basketball players and coaches in clubs local and national teams

The aim of the research is to identify the relationship of graphic designs and multimedia in raising awareness of small projects, by answering the following question: To what extent does graphic design and multimedia affect support for small and smaller development projects in the Republic of Yemen. The research used the descriptive analytical approach, and the content analysis approach for the models by means of objective critical analysis for each model, and the research community consisted of workers in the field of graphic design. A random sample of (104) graphic designers was chosen. Among the most important findings of the research were:
- The designer creates communication through visual means. Therefore, graphic design is considered a language of visual communication used to communicate and convey ideas and information.