The personal scope of the parties related to international maritime transport and its impact on documentary credit parties in accordance with the international rules

Abstract

The United Nations Convention on Maritime Transport, in whole or in part (the Rotterdam Rules), is one of the international substantive rules that were concluded within the framework of an international organization (the United Nations), and during a series of international conferences, through which it embodied an international will to establish objective rules that have the description of generality and abstraction, and its texts became rules An international behavior that keeps pace with the rapid developments in international trade and maritime transport in particular, and contributes to the stability and unification of their disparate rules before the issuance of this agreement in the year 2008 AD. The rules of documentary credit are commercial norms and international substantive rules that have been established in the commercial and economic life.

Whereas the practical reality in international trade and international maritime transport confirms that the commercial parties are linked to contractual relations governed by international trade laws and maritime transport rules, and the basis of this relationship is based on international agreements - such as the Rotterdam rules - or international substantive rules regulating special relations of an international nature such as the rules of international sale, or Executive mechanisms for settling the price in that sale by means of international documentary norms, and those foundations make the responsibilities arising from those agreements or commercial norms international objective rules that intersect in many aspects, whether in their personal, spatial or objective scope.

This intersection leads to the emergence of rights for the different parties acquired by the parties and they can benefit from them or adhere to them, which can be dealt with in this study in which the researcher revealed the personal scope of the parties to international transport according to the Rotterdam rules and the impact of that scope on the parties of documentary credit in accordance with international norms.