Sana'a University Journal of Human Sciences

This study aims to explore potential procedures that can ensure the success of a competent Yemeni government. It investigates how to regulate the processes of new political behavior and its interaction with the unique geographical and human components of Yemen, with the goal of achieving tangible positive outcomes. Additionally, the study examines the implications of such a government for the security, stability, and development of the Yemeni Republic, providing an analytical framework for appropriate political behavior during the forthcoming phase of contemporary political life. The significance of this research lies in addressing the emerging challenges related to the formation of a competent government, radical change, and the necessity of a political partnership that prioritizes public interest over private interests. This partnership is essential for bolstering political action, reinforcing the foundations of a national alliance to confront external aggression against Yemeni sovereignty, and enhancing the negotiation process for comprehensive peace. Furthermore, this study discusses three hypotheses and identifies a set of mechanisms that could assist the government in fulfilling its responsibilities. Employing an analytical and political analysis methodology, the researcher examines issues related to the concept of a competent government, radical change, and the inevitability of political partnership in Sana'a during the upcoming political phase.

The paper concludes with several anticipated outcomes, including the successful implementation of the Yemeni competencies program, which is expected to involve a group of esteemed Yemeni experts. Additionally, this government will operate under public and parliamentary oversight, which will facilitate an assessment of its strengths and weaknesses.

This research seeks to examine the taxation system during the era of the Al-Rashidi Caliphs, focusing on the various financial resources and their distribution in accordance with Islamic law. It posits that this framework significantly transformed financial trading practices. The period of considerable financial wealth in the Islamic era contributed to improved living conditions for individuals and stimulated trade, ultimately bolstering the financial capacity of the governing regime.

The economic development observed during this time was largely facilitated by the Islamic conquests, which established governance based on Islamic principles. The study addresses several key areas:

1. Taxation during the era of the Al-Rashidi Caliphs.
2. Types of taxes and their collection methods.
3. Taxation practices in regions including Iraq, the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula, eastern Iraq, Khorasan, and Egypt.
4. Distribution of financial resources during the era of the Al-Rashidi Caliphs.
5. Wealth distribution among the Muslim population.

Litigation progresses through stages until reaching its final phase: judgment. However, litigation doesn't occur spontaneously; it requires a driving force to propel it forward until its end. This driving force primarily stems from the litigants, especially the plaintiff who initiates, pursues, and accelerates the litigation, ensuring compliance with court orders. If the plaintiff neglects his/her duty to advance the litigation, his/her claim is treated as if it never existed. The consequence of this neglect is the termination of the litigation without judgment on its merits. This penalty serves as a legal sanction imposed on the plaintiff for his/her negligence, laxity, or failure to properly pursue the claim to its end. The imposition of this penalty may occur automatically upon violation, by court order, or upon the request of the defendant, following legal procedures. The purpose of this penalty is to encourage the plaintiff to diligently pursue his/her claim and implement court procedures, from filing the claim to attending sessions until judgment. This is intended to advance litigation procedures, and swiftly resolve disputes between parties.

This study aims to elucidate the significance of strategic planning as a mechanism for enhancing security performance within the Yemeni Ministry of Interior. It seeks to assess the extent of strategic planning implementation within the ministry and to evaluate the security leaders' comprehension of both the concept and significance of strategic planning. Additionally, it examines the contribution of strategic planning to the advancement of security performance. Employing a descriptive analytical approach, the research encompasses a population of (281) officers representing top management. A random sample of (163) leaders, constituting (58%) of the population, was selected for analysis. The primary data collection instrument utilized in this study is a questionnaire.  The findings reveal several critical insights: first, the actual implementation of strategic planning within the Ministry of Interior is rated as approximately average. Second, there exists a low level of awareness among security leaders regarding the concept of strategic planning. Furthermore, these leaders possess an ambiguous understanding of the importance of strategic planning in the management of security functions. The study also indicates that strategic planning, in all its dimensions, significantly contributes to the enhancement of security performance within the Ministry, with a strong correlation identified between the execution of strategic planning initiatives and improved security performance (r = 0.762).

Moreover, the research identifies several obstacles impeding effective strategic planning within the Ministry of Interior. Among the most significant challenges are the absence of specialized training programs aimed at rehabilitating security and administrative leaders in strategic planning, a lack of collective participation in the formulation of the ministry's strategic plan, and inadequate coordination between those developing the strategic plan and those tasked with its implementation. The study culminates in several key recommendations, emphasizing the need to equip security leaders with strategic thinking skills and to enhance their knowledge and awareness regarding strategic planning methodologies.

This study aims to explore the diverse interpretations of the two divine promises articulated in Surah Al-Isra (verses 4-8). It seeks to address the historical context of the Jewish presence in Palestine prior to the advent of Islam and to present perspectives on the second divine promise concerning the eradication of Jewish presence in contemporary history. A particular emphasis is placed on reinterpreting the first divine promise in relation to the decline of Jewish supremacy in modern times. The research employs both inductive and descriptive analytical methodologies. Additionally, it incorporates the researcher’s perspective, which posits that the initial ascendancy and subsequent corruption of the Jewish community, as referenced in Surah Al-Isra, commenced with the inaugural Zionist Congress held in Basel, Switzerland, in 1897. This trajectory continued with the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 and the seizure of Al-Aqsa Mosque in 1967. The researcher concludes that the process of dismantling this initial Jewish supremacy began with the outbreak of the Al-Aqsa Flood War on October 7, 2023, and continues to unfold in the present day.

The objective of this study is to identify the requirements for transforming the Community College in Sana'a into a smart college, as perceived by academic and administrative leaders. The researchers employed a questionnaire as a data collection tool, following a descriptive and analytical approach. This questionnaire was administered to all members of the study population, which comprised (61) academic and administrative leaders. Of the distributed questionnaires, 54 were returned and deemed suitable for analysis, representing an 88.52% response rate. This included (25) responses from academic leaders and (29) from administrative leaders. The findings indicate a very high level of agreement regarding the requirements for the transformation of Sana'a Community College into a smart college, with an overall average score of 4.39 and a standard deviation of (0.673). Furthermore, the results revealed no statistically significant differences in the average responses at the overall tool level, although variations were noted in specific areas based on qualifications and years of experience. In light of these findings, the study offers several recommendations, notably the necessity of providing smart management resources and preparing and qualifying personnel for smart educational environments.

This study addresses a critical gap in translation studies, particularly,literary works. It highlights the often neglected yet crucial aspects of phonic and graphic representation, demonstrating their significant impact on the translated text's quality. Through a meticulous descriptive and comparative analysis using discourse analysis methods, the study examines various translations of "The Lake." This analysis involves a detailed breakdown of the source text's stylistic choices, rhythmic patterns, figurative language, and cultural references. The study identifies the challenges faced by translators in preserving the poem's essence through the process of comparing. Furthermore, it underscores the limitations of machine translation in capturing these subtleties. While acknowledging the potential of machine translation for basic vocabulary and grammar, the study emphasizes the irreplaceable role of human translators. Their expertise in literary translation allows them to navigate the intricacies of style, tone, and cultural context, ensuring the translated text retains its intended emotional impact and resonates with the target audience. This analysis highlights the importance of a translator's mastery of both languages and a profound understanding of literary translation. Ultimately, the study reinforces the crucial role human translators play in bridging linguistic and cultural divides, ensuring accurate, evocative, and culturally competent translations.

This study seeks to investigate the impact of organizational change across its dimensions—namely, technological, organizational, and human—on employee performance. Additionally, it aims to assess the extent of implementation of organizational change and the corresponding performance levels of employees within the Yemeni telecommunications sector, specifically in the capital city of Sana'a.

Employing a descriptive analytical methodology, this research adopts a quantitative approach. The study population comprises (4,154) individuals, from which a stratified random sample of (354) participants was drawn in accordance with De Morgan tables. Data collection was conducted using a structured questionnaire, achieving a recovery rate of (89%).

The findings indicate a significant and robust relationship between organizational change, treated as the independent variable, and employee performance, classified as the dependent variable, within the Yemeni telecommunications sector. This sector is represented by the General Telecommunications Corporation and five prominent telecommunications companies: TeleYemen, Yemen Mobile, Sabafon, YOU, and Y-telecom.

The study also concluded that: -

- The level of organizational change in the telecommunications sector in general was rather high.

- The employee performance level of workers in the sector was also rather high.

The study presents several key recommendations, notably emphasizing the necessity for enhanced focus on the evolution of human resources and organizational structures within telecommunications companies. This should occur on a continuous and dynamic basis, aligned with technological advancements, to ensure the effective integration of change processes. Furthermore, it is essential to foster greater integration and synergy among various departments to facilitate the timely completion of shared objectives, thereby enhancing overall productivity.

Through the results of the study, a number of future studies can be suggested, including:

- The role of human resources management in supporting organizational change and its impact on the performance of employees in telecommunications companies.

- The impact of training and development during the stages of organizational change on the performance of employees in the communications sector

The present study seeks to ascertain the degree to which social values are incorporated within the national education textbooks designated for the second cycle of primary education in the Republic of Yemen. Employing a descriptive approach grounded in content analysis, the research sample encompasses all lessons contained within the national education textbooks mandated for students in grades four, five, and six during the 2023/2024 school year. To facilitate this investigation, two instruments were developed: a comprehensive list of social values and a content analysis form. The findings of the research yield several significant results, the most notable of which are as follows:

1. A comprehensive list of social values to be included in the national education textbooks for the second cycle of basic education in the Republic of Yemen was established, comprising a total of (24) distinct values.
2. The cumulative frequency of social values present in the national education textbooks for grades four, five, and six amounted to (161) occurrences, distributed unevenly across the texts.
3. In the national education textbook for the fourth grade, there were (59) occurrences of social values, representing (36.64%) of the total repetitions.
4. The national education textbook for the fifth grade contained (40) occurrences of social values, accounting for (24.84%) of the total repetitions.
5. The national education textbook for the sixth grade included (62) occurrences of social values, which corresponds to (38.52%) of the total repetitions.

This study investigates the role of educational leadership in attaining competitive advantage within private schools in the capital city of Sana'a, as perceived by school principals and their deputies. To achieve the objectives of this research, a descriptive analytical approach was employed, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary instrument for data collection. The sample comprised 261 principals and deputies from various private schools in Sana'a. The findings reveal several significant results. Notably, the overall arithmetic mean for the role of educational leadership in fostering competitive advantage in these schools was calculated at (2.65), with a standard deviation of 0.678, indicating an average degree of practice among respondents

The aim of the current research is to reveal the effectiveness of a counseling program in raising psychological flexibility among female students at the University of Science and Technology in Sana’a, the capital. To achieve the aim of the research, it relied on the descriptive and experimental approaches based on the design of the experimental and control groups. The researcher used the following tools: a psychological flexibility scale, and its psychometric efficiency was confirmed, and a counseling program consisting of (15) sessions prepared by it. The research sample consisted of (280) female students who were selected by a simple random method, and after applying the scale, those who obtained scores below the average on the scale were selected. Psychological flexibility: Their number was (20) female students who were distributed into two groups: (10) experimental group and (10) control group. The researcher used appropriate statistical methods and the research reached the following results: There were statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05). The average scores of the female students of the experimental group in the pre- and post-measurements are in favor of the post-measurement. There are statistically significant differences at the (0.05) level between the average scores of the female students of the experimental and control groups in the post-measurement due to the benefit of the experimental group in the measurement. The non presence of statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the female students of the experimental group on the post and follow-up measurements, which means that the effect of the effectiveness of the counseling program among the female students remain The results proved the effectiveness of the counseling program to increase psychological resilience and its continuity.

This study aims at investigating the attitudes of EFL students in the Department of English at the Faculty of Education-Tooralbaha, University of Lahj towards the impact of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) Techniques on the Development of their Oral Fluency. For the purpose of achieving the objective of the study, a survey was used. The sample of the study consisted of 20 students of the second level in the Department of English, Faculty of Education-Tooralbaha, University of Lahj who were trained via the use of the Neuro-Linguistic Programming Techniques. They were selected to respond to a close ended questionnaire which consisted of sixteen items. After collecting, analyzing, and interpreting the data, the findings revealed that the NLP-trained students exhibited positive attitudes towards the NLP experiment indicating their perceptions of the optimistic impact of NLP techniques on the development of their EFL oral fluency. Thus, the results verify the research hypothesis holding implications for both EFL students and their teachers. The study highlights pertinent recommendations to contribute to the field of ELT and to underscore the importance of employing such effective methods to enhance EFL students’ oral performance

This research aims to highlight the importance of intention (niyah) in worship, as it is a crucial condition for the validity of worship. A Muslim must intend to perform a specific worship before starting it. If worship has different types, such as prayer (obligatory or voluntary), a person must intend the specific type he/she intends to perform. This is because the intention is the spirit of the action.

The research also aims to clarify the time of the intention and the rulings on changing or switching intention during worship, which may lead to the invalidation of the worship.

The researcher used the comparative method to compare the different Islamic schools (Zaidi, Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali) as well as used the inductive theoretical method followed by the descriptive analytical method to study the topic in a comparative jurisprudential study.

The researcher defined the key important terms mentioned in the research, and explained the importance of intention (Niyyah) in performing acts of worship and its influence on the acceptance of the deed before Allah Almighty, and that it is what distinguishes various acts of worship from one another.

The researcher also clarified that one of the reasons for choosing the topic is the lack of knowledge among many people regarding the rulings on transforming or changing the intention during the performance of acts of worship and its effect on the validity or invalidity of the worship.

The research reached several conclusions, including:

1. Intention distinguishes worship from habits and differentiates types of worship from each other.
2. In his/ her act of worship, a person directs his/her intention (Niyyah) towards Allah the Almighty. If he/she deliberately changes his/her intention and shifts to another act of worship, his/her original worship becomes invalid due to the lack of a valid intention, as the validation of the worship is dependent on its proper intention. Therefore, it is not permissible for him/ her to shift to another act of worship, and the existence or non-existence of this worship would be the same, as he/she did not intend it in the beginning.

The research also provided several recommendations, including:

• Emphasizing the significance of intention in sermons and lectures, as it is a key factor in the validity of worship and the favor of Allah.
• Conducting similar studies on the topic of polytheism in intention during worship.

The objective of this research is to introduce Imam Abu Al-Fath Al-Dailami ( Died in 444 Hijri) and his seminal work, Al-Burhan in the Interpretation of the Qur’an. This study specifically aims to present his jurisprudential interpretations as articulated in Surah Al-Baqarah, given its significance in addressing matters of disagreement. Additionally, it seeks to explore the methodologies and dimensions of his interpretations, assessing their applicability and utility. Employing an inductive and descriptive analytical approach, this research examines the views of Imam Al-Dailami and contrasts them with those of other commentators. The structure of the study comprises an introduction, two main sections, and a conclusion. The first section focuses on the life of Imam Al-Dailami and provides an overview of Al-Burhan in the Interpretation of the Qur’an, while the second section delves into his jurisprudential opinions as presented in Surah Al-Baqarah. The research concludes with findings and recommendations that underscore the significance of Imam Al-Dailami's contributions to jurisprudence and his interpretative insights within the broader context of Qur'anic exegesis.

The research aims to identify the anthropometric determinants for the selection of Female beginner in football in the Republic of Yemen, and to build a battery for anthropometric measurements, the researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method, the researchers used questionnaires and measurements, representing the research community of students of the basic stage from the schools of some governorates of the Republic of Yemen for the age group (10-12) years with a total number of (5000) schoolgirls, The research sample included (480) beginners who were selected in a deliberate way were applied to them the basic experiment of the research, and the results of the research reached six factors for anthropometric measurements from the factor analysis are (ambient factor, fold thickness factor, length factor, widths factor, external shape widths factor, longitudinal growth factor of the lower limb) containing (31) anthropometric measurement through which the selection process for Female beginner in football in the Republic of Yemen can be selected. The researchers recommended the inclusion of anthropometric measurements in the selection and training process because of their positive impact on the high skill performance in football.

The study aims to measure The degree to which the dimensions of sustainable development are incorporated into the participatory planning processes of technical and vocational institutions within the Capital Secretariat of Sana'a by examining the application of sustainable development dimensions and the degree of participatory planning practice in vocational education institutes from the perspectives of academics and managers. The study employs a descriptive survey methodology and used a questionnaire as a tool to collect data from a sample of academics and managers from three technical and vocational institutes (Hadda, Baghdad, Dhahban) selected purposively, comprising 19 academics and managers in the Capital Secretariat of Sana'a. Based on the findings, the study reached several conclusions, the most important of which are: - The extent of the application of sustainable development dimensions in vocational education institutes in the Capital Secretariat of Sana'a was generally high according to the sample, with a mean score of 3.13 and a standard deviation of 0.86. Social sustainability ranked first with a mean score of 3.36 and a standard deviation of 0.97, while economic sustainability ranked fifth and last with a mean score of 2.85 and a standard deviation of 0.94. - The degree of participatory planning practice was generally high according to the sample, with a mean score of 3.43 and a standard deviation of 0.70. The activation of skills for the application of participatory planning ranked first with a mean score of 3.52 and a standard deviation of 0.77, while diversifying funding sources for the application of participatory planning ranked fifth and last with a mean score of 3.26 and a standard deviation of 0.88. - There is a strong correlation between the integration of sustainable development dimensions and participatory planning.

The aim of this research is to assess the level of post-traumatic stress disorder among street children in Sana'a Capital Secretariat. A descriptive approach was employed, with a sample number of (90) children. The tool used for assessment was a post-traumatic stress scale for street children, which was developed by the researcher. This scale comprised (40) items divided into three domains: recovering from traumatic experiences, avoiding traumatic experiences, and arousal. Data were analyzed statistically using the SPSS program, including one-sample T-tests, two independent samples T-tests, and one-way analysis of variance. The results indicated statistically significant differences in the level of post-traumatic stress disorder among street children in Sana'a Capital Secretariat. Additionally, there were no significant differences related to the variable of the child's age. However, the findings confirmed that there were statistically significant differences associated with the father's level of education and the family's economic status.  The research concluded with several recommendations based on these findings.

This study aims to identify the reality of child protection in official social care institutions in Yemen. In approaching and presenting the study, the researcher relied on the comparative descriptive approach to address the conceptual aspect, and the statistical approach to address the applied aspect of the study, and used the questionnaire as the main tool for collecting primary data, in addition to a tool Interview and observation: (150) questionnaires were distributed to a purposive sample of workers in official social care institutions In Yemen, and conducting  interviews with the leadership of the targeted institutions, the study reached a set of results, the most important of which is the low reality of child protection in official social care institutions, and the limited services provided, especially protection services during emergencies, in addition to that, the lack of complete coordination between government institutions. To implement child protection programs according to precise and thoughtful plans.

This study aimed to know the impact of knowledge management in its dimensions )knowledge generation, knowledge storage, knowledge distribution, knowledge application (on the strategic performance in Yemeni telecommunications companies, and the study used the descriptive analytical approach, and relied on the questionnaire as a main tool for data collection, and the study population consisted of the Yemeni telecommunications companies numbering (5) companies (Yemen Mobile, Sabafon, YOU, Y, TeleYemen (with all its employees of (2183) employees, and the study adopted the method of random stratified sample is not relative to select the members of the study sample,(560)  questionnaires were distributed, (515) questionnaires were recovered, of which (479) questionnaires are valid for analysis. The study found the most important results that there is a statistically significant positive impact of knowledge management in its combined dimensions on the strategic performance of Yemeni telecommunications companies, and there is a statistically significant impact of the dimensions of knowledge management) knowledge generation, knowledge distribution, knowledge application) alone on strategic performance, and there is no statistically significant effect of the dimension of storing knowledge individually in strategic performance .The study recommended that Yemeni telecommunications companies increase attention to the application of knowledge management in accordance with best practices, adopt modern technologies for storing, retrieving and distributing knowledge, encourage a culture of sharing and exchange of knowledge, pay attention to nurturing creative ideas and research and development efforts and develop the skills of workers in knowledge management because of its significant impact on raising the level of strategic performance.

This study investigates the role of the family in influencing children's choices regarding their university specialization. The research sample consisted of (150) male and female students enrolled in university education at Sana'a University, selected through a random sampling method. A descriptive analytical approach was employed to elucidate the factors associated with the study's problem. To assess the family's role in guiding children towards selecting a university major, a structured questionnaire was utilized. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).The findings indicate that while families provide guidance across various life domains, their influence in the context of educational specialization is primarily limited to assisting children in identifying options that align with their academic capabilities. Notably, some respondents reported that they independently selected their fields of study. Among the most significant factors affecting children's decisions regarding university majors, the labor market emerged as the most influential, followed by familial input and peer influence.Several fundamental factors were identified as impacting the family's ability to guide children in choosing an appropriate university major, including the family's economic status, social standing, and educational and cultural background. Respondents highlighted various consequences of familial guidance in selecting a university major, such as diminished academic performance, confusion regarding interests and aspirations, as well as experiences of both psychological pressure and comfort.