Vol. 4 No. 11 (2025): Sana'a University Journal of Human Sciences | Sana'a University Journal of Human Sciences

The legal system of insurance companies in Yemeni law

Fares Mohammed Abdul Qader Al-Qadri, Ahmed Abdo Hazza Al-Jaradi

1 - 35

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1846

School fears and their Relationship to Social Adaptation among Visually Disabilities Female Students in the Primary School at the Martyr Fadl Al-Halali Institute,

Maryam Muhammad Salih Umaysan, Mohammed Abdullah Hamoud Mansour

36 - 61

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.2001

The Role of Solar Energy Projects in Improving Livelihoods Among Rural Yemeni WomenAn Applied Study on Dhamar, Hadhramout, and Abyan Governoratesthe Capital, Sana'a.

Rehab Al Sanabani, Saleh Huomid

62 - 82

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1989

Title: The Level of Strategic Dexterity Practice in Private Schools in the Capital Secretariat – Sana’a

Maimonah Fathallah Ali Mohammed Al-Hawsali, Abdulrahman Mohammed Al-Sharjabi, Mohammed Ali Al-Shami

83 - 124

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.2037

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the extent to which strategic dexterity is practiced in private schools in the Capital Secretariat – Sana’a, focusing on its core dimensions from the perspectives of school principals and vice principals. An analytical descriptive approach was employed, using a questionnaire composed of 25 items administered to a stratified random sample of 248 participants, representing 22% of the total population of 1,155. The findings revealed that the overall level of strategic dexterity was high, with a mean score of 4.17. Dimension-wise, the highest mean scores were recorded for organizational structure (4.32) and opportunity exploration (4.23), both rated as very high. These were followed by opportunity exploitation (4.15), threat identification (4.12), and threat avoidance (4.05), all reflecting a high level of practice. Statistically significant differences were found at (α ≤ 0.05) in the overall strategic dexterity scores based on gender, favoring female respondents. Significant differences also emerged in the organizational structure dimension based on educational qualification, favoring diploma holders; in opportunity identification and exploitation across educational districts, favoring the Shu’ub and Ma’een districts respectively; and in the organizational structure and threat identification dimensions, again favoring Shu’ub district. Based on these findings, the researchers recommended organizing workshops to enhance mechanisms that support strategic dexterity, reinforcing high-performing organizational structures through incentives and rewards, and developing training programs for school leaders to strengthen their capacity in threat anticipation and mitigation.

Keywords

Strategic dexterity opportunity exploration and exploitation organizational structure threat identification and avoidance

The U.S. Foreign Policy Toward Tufan Al-Aqsa Battle During the Biden Administration; An Analytical Study Based on the Soft & Hard Power Framework

Shaker Yahya Haidar Al-Awsaji

125 - 146

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1957

Abstract

This study aims to analyze U.S. foreign policy toward the Tufan Al-Aqsa Battle (Al-Aqsa Flood Operation 2023), a critical turning point that exposes the deeply entrenched American bias in favor of the Zionist entity. It is grounded in the hypothesis that the Biden administration’s stance was not driven by humanitarian considerations or legal grounds, but rather by strategic constants related to the security of the Zionist entity, the containment of the Axis of Resistance’s growing power, and the preservation of American hegemony. The study adopts an analytical-explanatory approach within the framework of hard and soft power tools to examine U.S. behavior and foreign policy instruments, and to interpret its conduct during the confrontation. This is achieved by analyzing U.S. strategic objectives, as well as the diplomatic, economic, and military tools employed to support and shield the Zionist entity. The study also examines and analyzes regional and global dynamics, alongside the emergence of active powers within the Axis of Resistance.

The study revealed several key findings, most notably the persistent U.S. support for the Zionist entity as a strategic priority, Washington’s utilization of a hybrid approach combining hard and soft power to contain the resistance, and its failure to curtail the influence of the Axis of Resistance. Moreover, the study highlights the erosion of the United States’ moral legitimacy on the global stage. The study concludes with a set of recommendations, including the need to expose the duplicity of U.S. rhetoric, establish international partnerships with anti-hegemony forces, activate legal and media tools, enhance strategic awareness, strengthen the popular boycott, and boost the capacities of the Axis of Resistance at all levels to counter the U.S.-Zionist project.

Keywords

U.S. Foreign Policy Tufan Al-Aqsa Battle American Security Strategy Zionist Entity Biden Administration Axis of Resistance

Developing digital education in basic schools for people with disabilities in the Republic of Yemen in light of contemporary challenges - a proposed scenario

Abdulghani Ahmed Ali Alhawri, Mansor Nasser Saleh Jubarah

147 - 170

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1677

Substantive and Provisional Enforcement Disputes under Yemeni

Faiz Saleh Abdo Al Dobli

171 - 195

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.2048

Abstract

This study seeks to examine the various categories of enforcement disputes as regulated under Yemeni law, identifying the competent judicial authority responsible for adjudicating and resolving such matters. It aims to distinguish enforcement disputes from other material impediments that may arise during the execution process, and to assess the extent to which such disputes and any appeals lodged against rulings therein impact the progression of enforcement proceedings.

The study concludes that enforcement disputes are broadly categorized into substantive and provisional types. Substantive disputes pertain to the validity of execution procedures, including their correctness, nullity, admissibility, or permanent invalidation. Provisional disputes, on the other hand, concern temporary objections that may influence the suspension or continuation of enforcement, without affecting the underlying right or the validity of the enforceable instrument.

The study recommends establishing specialized enforcement judges within the circuit of each court to ensure timely adjudication of enforcement disputes through legally sound procedures. This is especially important in courts serving densely populated areas that are burdened by large volumes of enforcement-related litigation, as these disputes are among the primary causes of prolonged litigation timelines.

Keywords

Enforcement Disputes Yemeni Legislation Substantive Disputes Provisional Disputes Competent Judiciary

The attitudes of secondary school students in Sana'a Capital City toward the subject of Arabic grammar

Rawdah A. Al-Jabubi

196 - 221

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1879

The Impact of Entrepreneurial Marketing on Enhancing Competitive Advantage(A Case Study of: Al-Kuraimi Islamic Microfinance Bank – Head Office, Sana'a)

Mazen Mohammed Sarhan Almekhlafi, Sheren Abdulmalek Abdulqawi Almekhlafi

222 - 263

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1971

The Rhetoric and Semantic of Interrogative Expressions in the Novel "The Journey of Zahra" by Murtada Abdul-Salam Al-Haqeeqi.

Najeeb Olayinka Abbas, Uthman Abdus-Salam

264 - 276

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.2101

Abstract

This research examines the rhetoric and meaning of interrogative forms in Murtadah Abdul Salam Al-Haqeeqi's novel "The Journey of Al-Zahraa." This research examines the rhetoric and semantics of interrogative forms in the novel's text. The researcher relied on an analytical approach that traces these forms within the narrative context of the novel, revealing their artistic and psychological dimensions and their role in constructing meaning and escalating the event. The researcher divided the study into two main sections: The first section examines the semantic functions of interrogative forms related to the literal or direct meaning of the question, whereby the interrogative is understood to request information or answers about something unknown. The second section explores the rhetorical functions of interrogative forms, such as expressing bewilderment, denunciation, astonishment, suspense, or reporting, while demonstrating their impact on conveying the characters' states and attitudes. The research also highlights the close relationship between interrogative forms and external dialogue between characters, and internal dialogue (monologue), which reveals psychological and emotional conflict. The analysis revealed that the interrogative in the novel transcends its grammatical function to become a fundamental artistic tool, contributing to reader engagement, enriching the narrative intent, and enhancing the dramatic character of the text.

Keywords

Style rhetoric of interrogation novel Zahra's journey

The Impact of Career Development on Improving Nursing Performance in Yemen Hospitals - Sana'a

Kamal Ahmed Mosleh Hussein Qabban, Muneer Musleh Mohammed Al Wesabi

277 - 317

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1809

Abstract

The study aimed to measure the impact of career development on improving nursing performance of Yemen hospitals within city Sana'a. This study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, and relied on a questionnaire as the primary tool for data collection. The sample size was determined based on the Krejcie and Morgan table. The total sample size was (526) nursing staff working in general emergency departments and inpatient wards of Yemeni hospitals were selected through random sampling method. The data was analyzed using Application of the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS-26).

The study reached that there is a medium level of career development with an average of (3.99) and improvement performance of nursing staff with an average of (4.64) in Yemen hospitals within city Sana'a in Yemen. The results of the study also showed that there is a statistically significant of career development on Improving Nursing Performance, where the coefficient of determination was (R2=0.655), and the coefficient of impact was beta (B=0.555).

The study recommended: The significance of this study lies in its potential to inform healthcare policymakers, administrators, and practitioners about the importance to improve nursing performance through administrative and development practice of nursing staff. This study can contribute to the literature by highlighting the impact size of career development on improving nursing performance.

Keywords

Career development Improving Nursing Performance Hospitals

The Impact of Organizational Development in Improving the Quality of Services A Field Study on the Public Works Sector in the Republic of Yemen

Mohammed Naemen Ahmed Ali , Hamoud Abdullah Aklan

318 - 345

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1942

Educational Thought in the Works of Abu Bakr Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Qurashi, Known as Ibn Abi al-Dunya (d. 281 AH)

Hamid Saif Qasim Thabet Al-Qadri

346 - 367

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.2026

Abstract

This study aimed to introduce Ibn Abi al-Dunya and highlight his scholarly standing, while identifying key educational concepts embedded within select works of his that are related to education. The researcher used the descriptive method based on analysis and deduction. The study yielded several conclusions, the most significant of which is that the Muslim Ummah possesses an authentic educational philosophy that is suitable for all times and places. This indigenous thought negates the need to import Western educational theories and ideas that may conflict with the core principles of Islam. The findings also indicate that al-Hafiz Ibn Abi al-Dunya was one of the early scholars of the Muslim community who devoted their lives to the call to Allah Almighty, the reform of the Ummah, and the dissemination of Islamic teachings and rulings. His concept of education is rooted in an authentic Islamic worldview centered on the purification of the human soul through perfecting faith and moral character. In light of these conclusions, the study recommends a return to the sources of Islamic educational thought as represented in the scholarly contributions of Muslim scholars throughout history. It also calls for the extraction of these original educational ideas from their scholarly works, as well as the need to diversify educational methods used in raising children within our institutions. Such diversity should align with the intended educational objectives and with the characteristics and developmental needs of children, in order to realize the sound upbringing of the human being whom God intended to be His vicegerent on Earth.

Keywords

Education Educational Concepts Educational Thought Ibn Abi al-Dunya

The Effectiveness of Teaching Grammar Using Digital Mind Maps in Developing Analytical Thinking Skills Among First-Year Secondary School Students in Sana'a Governorate

Abdulaziz Saleh Abdulaziz Saleh

368 - 408

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1793

Abstract

The Current Study Aims To: Identify the impact of teaching the grammar curriculum using a program based on digital mind maps in developing analytical thinking skills among first-year secondary school students in Sana'a Governorate.

To achieve the study’s objectives and answer its questions, the descriptive approach was adopted to prepare the theoretical framework, along with the quasi-experimental approach, which employs a two-group design (control - experimental) with partial control in a controlled setting. This method relies on comparing results from pre- and post-tests.

Based on related literature and the adopted methodology, an achievement test tool was developed to assess the effectiveness of digital mind maps in fostering analytical thinking skills. The test consisted of 15 objective questions.

The study implemented an experimental design with two groups (control - experimental). After verifying their statistical equivalence across several variables, the experiment and its tools were applied to a sample of 60 students, randomly selected from first-year secondary school students at Al-Haifah Secondary School (evening period). The sample was evenly split:

Experimental group (30 students): taught grammar skills using digital mind maps.
Control group (30 students): taught grammar skills using traditional methods.

Following the experiment's completion, the sample data was processed in the pre-test and post-test, revealing the following results:

Statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) between the mean ranks of students in both groups (experimental & control) in the post-test of analytical thinking skills, attributed to the proposed instructional design, favoring the experimental group.
Statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) between the experimental group’s mean ranks in pre-test and post-test scores, attributed to the variable of application timing (pre - post), favoring the post-test.

Keywords

Teaching, Development, Mind Maps, Analytical Thinking.

The Refined Essence Abridgment of Maʿālim al-Tanzil by the Scholar ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Wali al-Ward (d. after 1273 AH): The Book of Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil – A Study and Verification

Abdul Rahman Ahmed Ahmed Al-Haj

409 - 439

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1994

العربيه Marital Adjustment among Female teachers in Al-Hodeidah City in Light of some demographic Variables

Fatimah Abdo Al-Azizi, Abdo Saeed Al-Sana’ani, Radia Ali Shamsan

440 - 463

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1339

The Role of Strategic Renewal in Improving the Performance of Yemeni Universities A Field Study of Private Universities in the Capital, Sana'a

Ahmed Al-Moliki, Mohammed Abdullah. AlAshwal

464 - 497

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1754

Abstract

The study aimed to identify the role of strategic renewal in its dimensions (exploration, formation of new ideas, investment of opportunities, entrepreneurship, and coordinated strategic action) in developing the performance of Yemeni private universities in the capital, Sana'a, and to determine the reality and level of practice of strategic renewal, and the level of performance in Yemeni private universities in the capital, Sana'a. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the quantitative approach was followed in its descriptive type with its survey and correlational methods. The total study population was (1087) individuals working in the academic and administrative fields in the universities under study in (8) universities consisting of five or more colleges. A stratified random sample was selected, numbering (541) individuals. The study relied on a questionnaire that was designed, subjected to arbitration and modified according to the arbitrators' comments. After conducting statistical analyses, the results showed that the independent variable: strategic renewal has a very high level in all its dimensions. The dependent variable: performance development in Yemeni private universities achieves very high ratings in all its dimensions, which reflects that Yemeni private universities are making great efforts to improve and develop performance in various aspects of their work. The results also showed that there is a statistically significant impact of strategic renewal on performance in Yemeni private universities. In light of the results, the study came out with a number of recommendations, including that universities should focus on developing and improving their performance, continuously renewing their strategies and focusing on implementing new practices, given the great importance of this in developing performance, employing advanced technology, investing in available opportunities and enhancing coordination and joint work, which contributes to improving the exchange of experiences and openness to global developments in the field of higher education

Keywords

Strategic Renewal Performance

The Effect of Internal Marketing on Developing Career Creativity in the Yemeni Private Hospitals: A Field Study in Ibb City

Al-Hasan Bin Ali Abdullah Al-Haj, Khaled Hassan Ali Al-Hariri

498 - 516

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1731

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the effect of internal marketing with its dimensions (employees' selection, training, motivation, empowerment, internal communication) on developing career creativity in the Yemeni private hospitals. The study used the descriptive analytical approach based on a questionnaire as the main tool for collecting adequate data. The study population was (1638) employees (administrative staff, medical staff) working in (12) private hospitals, while the sample was taken randomly containing (414) participants. The data was statistically analyzed using (SPSS V. 27) as well as (AMOS V. 26). The study came up with a set of results, the most important of which is that the level of the availability of internal marketing in hospitals in the field of study was moderate, with an average of (4.70) and a standard deviation of (1.031), and percentage of (67.1%). The results of the study also showed that the level of career creativity was moderate with an average of (5.00) and a standard deviation of (1.50), and a percentage of (71%). Moreover, the results showed that there was a statistically significant effect of internal marketing with four combined dimensions (employees' selection, empowerment, motivation, internal communication) on the development of career creativity in hospitals in the field of study, while the fifth dimension (training) has no effect in developing career creativity.

Keywords

Internal Marketing Career Creativity Private Hospitals

The impact of organizational learning on organizational effectiveness: a field study in government and private hospitals in Taiz city

Rashad Saeed Dabwan Al- Mekhlafi, Abdul Rahman Muhammad Al-Sufyani

517 - 551

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1453

Abstract

The study aimed to identify the level of practicing the dimensions of organizational effectiveness as well as the dimensions of organizational learning in the private government hospitals in Taiz city. The study also aimed to identify the impact of organizational learning with its dimensions (individual learning, group learning, organizational learning) together and separately on organizational effectiveness. The descriptive analytical approach was used, a questionnaire was used to collect data on the research topic, which was distributed to a sample selected according to the stratified random sampling method. Structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was also used to analyze the study hypotheses. The results showed that the level of practicing organizational effectiveness in the hospitals under study is high, and the level of practicing the dimensions of organizational learning is high. The results also showed that organizational learning has a statistically significant effect on organizational effectiveness. The dimensions of organizational learning also affect organizational effectiveness, as the impact coefficient reached (0.56, 0.36, 0.029) for both group learning and organizational learning as well as individual learning, respectively, and it is statistically significant for both group and organizational learning and not statistically significant for personal learning.

Keywords

Organizational Effectiveness organizational education learning individual learning group learning organizational learning goal achievement

Evaluation of the Efficiency and Sustainability of Food security and Agriculture Projects implemented by UN and international organizations in Yemen

Akram Abdullah ALi Gushim, Khalid Nassir Mohamad AL-haj , Eman Abdullah Hussin Aljlal, Ebrahim Hasan Abdullah Albar

552 - 580

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.2082

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and sustainability of food security and agriculture projects implemented by UN and international organizations in Yemen, amid the country’s challenging humanitarian and economic conditions. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach and relied on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire. The study population consisted of 19 UN and international organizations, selected using a comprehensive enumeration method. A total of 190 questionnaires were distributed, and 158 valid responses were retrieved for analysis.

The results showed that the efficiency criterion was applied with a mean score of 4.07, while the sustainability criterion scored a mean of 3.63, indicating the need to strengthen sustainability aspects in project design and implementation. Furthermore, the findings revealed no statistically significant differences in respondents’ mean estimates regarding the evaluation of project efficiency and sustainability, attributed to personal and organizational variables.

The study recommended enhancing coordination between UN and international organizations and relevant government agencies to ensure efficiency, sustainability, and funding continuity. It also emphasized supporting sustainable agricultural projects, such as the adoption of modern technologies and the construction of greenhouses, due to their role in improving agricultural productivity, increasing farmers’ income, and strengthening food security in Yemen.

Keywords

Projects Evaluation Efficiency Sustainability Food Security UN Organizations 6. International Organizations

The role of participatory leadership in improving institutional performance: an applied study on the communications sector in Yemen

Nabil Ali Abdullah Al-Samawi, Hamoud Abdullah Saleh Aqlan

581 - 621

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1648

The Scientific Hijrah and their Role in the Flourishing of Scientific and Intellectual Life in Yemen in the Thirteen Century AH (Nineteenth Century AD): Hijrah of Khut, Sahyan, Thula, Shaharah, Kawkaban, and Al-Kibs as a Model

Amt Aljalil Nasser Aideh Shani

622 - 657

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.2060

Abstract

The research aims to analyze the role of scientific displacement centers (Hijrah schools) in the prosperity of scientific and intellectual life in Yemen during the thirteenth century AH (nineteenth century AD). The research adopts the historical descriptive-analytical method.

The research was divided into six sections, preceded by an introduction and a preface. The Frst section was titled: Hijrat Thula, the Second: Hijrat Hawt, the Third: Hijrat Shaharah, the Fourth: Hijrat Dhahyan, the Fifth: Hijrat Kuqiyat, and the Sixth: Hijrat Al-kibs.

The research reached several conclusions and recommendations, most notably: Alhijr scientific had a significant impact on the continuation of the scientific renaissance and the flourishing of sciences, knowledge, and literature in Yemen during the 13th century AH (19th century CE), in addition to the existence of strong ties and knowledge exchange between these Alhijirs.

The research recommended the necessity of reactivating the role of the scholarly Alhajr due to their importance in the flourishing of thought and science, through financial support for scholars, making these migrations open forums where study circles are conducted in their various branches, and paying attention to the various branches of Islamic sciences by encouraging students to learn them, whether in mosques or universities.

Keywords

Alhajerah Thala Hawth Shiharah Thahyan Kawkaban

The effectiveness of a program based on modeling and simulation in developing reading skills comprehension among fifth-grade students in Amanat Al-Asimah - Sana’a

Ahmed Yahya Ali Abdullah, Abdullah Ali Ali Al-Kuri

658 - 699

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.911

The reality of education in Yemen during the era of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom1925-1962 AD(Analytical documentary study)

Abdul Karim Al-Razahi

700 - 723

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.2002

Abstract

This research deals with a part of the reality of education in the era of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom (Al Hamid al-Din) for the period from 1925 AD to 1962 AD, relying on official documents, which revealed the reality of education in that period with fairness and credibility. The aim of the research is to identify that reality in some detail, and the researcher used the historical method and the descriptive method in an analytical style to achieve that. Among the most important results that the research reached are: - Identifying the reality of educational administration. Its organizational structure, functions in their era, knowledge of the stages and components of the education system in their era and related matters, as well as the most prominent primary, intermediate, supplementary, scientific, and modern schools, which together numbered more than 1,000 schools. The research also addressed the most important missions in the era of the Kingdom, which reached 38 missions sent, including 530 students in all specializations, and 39 missions brought in by the Kingdom. It included more than 163 experts in all fields. The study recommended that the current state provide free university and postgraduate education, employ incentives, periodically raise teachers' salaries, and allocate a portion of the endowment funds allocated to scholars and learners to serve scientific research and researchers.

Keywords

The reality of education Yemen The Mutawakkilite Kingdom

The Technological Gap in Monitoring and Evaluation Practices of Water Quality in Aden, Yemen: A Study of Challenges and Implications

Ali Khaled Ali Yahya, Bilkis Ali Zabara, Hisham Muhammad Naji

724 - 734

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.2008

Abstract

Effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems constitute the cornerstone of any effort to ensure drinking water safety and public health protection. In a notoriously challenging context such as the city of Aden in Yemen, a lack of technological application in M&E practices would emerge as a primary barrier to achieving sound water governance. This research paper therefore aims to investigate the nature and implications of the non-use of technologically-aided water quality M&E practices in Aden. A qualitative-descriptive approach was adopted to analyze the study data collected by means of in-person interviews with key stakeholders from public authorities (e.g. the Local Corporation for Water and Sanitation, the National Water Resources Authority, and the Environmental Health Department) and private water purification station operators. The findings revealed a near-total absence of digital tools for field data collection (e.g., ODK), a complete reliance on manual paper-based records, limited and unsystematic use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and a lack of interactive dashboards for performance monitoring. This gap leads to data inconsistency, slow incident response, and difficulty in analyzing trends, which significantly weakens the ability of institutions to make informed decisions. The paper concludes that the technological gap is not merely a resource deficit but a symptom of a broader institutional paralysis that impedes public health protection and the sustainable development goals in the water sector.

Keywords

Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Water Quality Technology Gap Aden Yemen

Influence of Ideological Perspectives on Translation: A Case Study of Multiple Arabic Translations of George Orwell’s Animal Farm

Abdulwadood Ahmed Annuzaili, Mujeeb Ali Murshed Qasim

735 - 752

2025-11-28

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DOI: 10.59628/jhs.v4i11.2167

Abstract

George Orwell’s Animal Farm (1945) is one of the most influential political allegories of the twentieth century, and has been widely translated into different languages across the globe, including Arabic. Since its first Arabic version appeared in 1951, the novel has been retranslated multiple times, reflecting the shifting cultural, political, and ideological landscapes of the Arab world. This paper investigates how ideological perspectives have shaped those Arabic translations of Animal Farm, showing their influence not only on the linguistic rendering but also on the interpretive lens through which Arab readers engage with Orwell’s satire. Adopting a descriptive and comparative approach, the study analyzes four representative Arabic translations published between 1951 and 2014. Analysis focuses specifically on translators' prefaces, the rendering of the names and descriptions of the key characters, as well as of some ideologically sensitive passages. By tracing differences between the data translations in terms of lexical choices, omissions, and additions, the paper shows how each translator's ideological stance—ranging from critical, neutral, and skeptical to sympathetic—manifests itself in translation strategies and narrative framing. The paper concludes that none of the selected translations is definitive; rather, each version reflects a negotiation between Orwell’s original political purpose and the translator's ideological environment. This highlights the broader interplay between literature, translation, and ideology, reminding us that translations of politically charged texts are never neutral but always culturally situated.

Keywords

Animal Farm Arabic translations ideological perspectives Banking Terminology, postgraduate translation students, challenges, translation strategies

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