Evaluation the Oral Health Status for children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia receiving Chemotherapy in Sana’a City, Yemen

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background and aims: Leukemia, a common childhood cancer, is caused by abnormal lymphoid cell changes, affecting bone marrow, blood, and organs. Chemotherapy is the most effective treatment, but oral complications, such as carious lesions, gingivitis, and gum inflammation, can occur due to oncologic therapy.

Objective:  Aims of this study was to evaluate the oral health condition of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving chemotherapy.

Methods: A total of 95 children of both sexes who were newly diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and already undergoing different phases of intensive chemotherapy were selected for the study. This study was conducted in the leukemic center of Al-Kuwait Hospital in Sana’a City, Yemen. The gingival status of the oral cavity was examined using the modified gingival index (MGI) to avoid induced bleeding, and probes were not used for gingival examination. The diagnosis of carious lesions was based on the criteria established by the World Health Organization. Mucositis (using the WHO oral toxicity scale) and saliva collection was done in calibrated cylinder and flow rate was measured using standard formula.

Results: The study involved a total of 95 children aged 4-14 years, with a mean age of 8.2 ± 3.4 years. The prevalence of gingival inflammation was highest in the mild inflammation group (46.3%). Oral hygiene status was rated as good (62.2%), moderate (36.8%), or poor (1.1%). Oral mucositis was highest in severe (45.3%) and moderate (31.6%) groups.

Conclusion: Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy face increased oral health complications like mucositis, gingival inflammation, opportunistic infections, and dental caries. Early dental assessment, regular monitoring, and tailored care strategies are crucial for effective dental management.