Evaluation of the Complete blood count Parameters in pregnant women presenting With Preeclampsia in AL-Gomhori Hospital Sana'a, Yemen.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder contributing to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate CBC abnormalities in pre-eclamptic women at Al-Gomhori Hospital, Sana’a, Yemen.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2024, including 140 pregnant women (70 with preeclampsia and 70 controls with normal pregnancies). Blood samples were analyzed using the Sysmex XN-550 automated hematology analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27 with p<0.05 as the significance level.

Results: The mean hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) levels were slightly higher in the preeclampsia group but not significantly (p=0.069 and p=0.445). However, the red blood cell (RBC) count was significantly higher in preeclamptic women (4.5 ×10¹²/L vs. 4.2 ×10¹²/L, p=0.04). Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was significantly elevated in preeclamptic patients (33.4% vs. 32.7%, p=0.01). Platelet count was significantly lower in preeclamptic women (197.9 ×10⁹/L vs. 266.7 ×10⁹/L, p=0.000), with 24.3% having thrombocytopenia. Additionally, mean platelet volume (MPV) was significantly higher in preeclamptic patients (10.7 fL vs. 8.7 fL, p=0.000). WBC counts were similar, but lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil percentages were lower in preeclamptic women.

Conclusion: Hematological changes, including thrombocytopenia, increased MPV, and elevated RBC and MCHC levels, are significant in preeclamptic women. These CBC parameters may be useful markers for early detection and management of preeclampsia. Further research is needed to explore their clinical implications.