"The Impact of a Virtual Learning Environment Based on Individual vs. Collaborative Project-Based Learning) on Developing Educational Software Production Skills Among Pre-service Computer Teachers at– Sana'a University"
This study investigates the impact of a virtual learning environment (VLE) utilizing individual and collaborative project-based learning modalities on the development of educational software production skills among pre-service computer teachers at Sana'a University. The study sample comprised 40 third-year undergraduate students enrolled in the Computer Teacher Education program at the Faculty of Education، Sana'a University، during the fall semester of the 2024-2025 academic year. The research employed individual and collaborative project approaches، which were implemented across two groups. A pre-test/post-test design was administered to assess both the cognitive and performance domains. Data were analyzed using paired and independent samples t-tests، alongside the calculation of effect size indices (Cohen's d and Eta-squared \eta ή2) and Black's modified gain ratio.
The findings revealed a statistically significant improvement with a substantial effect size across all groups in both the cognitive and performance domains (evidenced by high eta ή2and d values، and a Black's gain ratio > 1.2). Post-hoc comparisons further demonstrated the superiority of the collaborative project modality over the individual one، particularly concerning practical skill performance. These results underscore the efficacy of project-based learning within virtual environments and its profound educational impact. Consequently، the study recommends the integration of collaborative project activities within higher education virtual learning enviro moments، the development of standardized performance observation rubrics، and the provision of technical support and pedagogical training for both faculty and students. Furthermore، it suggests conducting subsequent longitudinal and qualitative studies to enhance the generalizability and sustainability of these findings.
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