The twelve-day war between Iran and the Israeli entity

The study aimed to analyze the roots of the escalation in the Iranian-Israeli conflict, which culminated in the Twelve-Day War, by exploring the direct motives and structural causes that led to the outbreak of the confrontation, and assessing the strategic objectives of both sides. The study also addressed the material and human losses of the war on both sides, and its impact on the Iranian nuclear program and the development of missile capabilities. It focused on analyzing the regional and international reactions that reshaped alliances and defined the features of a new balance of power in the region. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical and comparative approach, and concluded that the war represented a strategic shift, as the conflict transitioned from an indirect confrontation to a direct clash, reshaping the rules of engagement. The study demonstrated that the Iranian nuclear program remains a major cause of tension, and that the war, despite its losses, did not achieve either side's objectives, but rather increased the complexity of the security landscape. It also revealed Iran's growing deterrence capabilities, while Israel's perceived military superiority has diminished, making any future confrontation more dangerous. The war also reshaped the regional balance of power, while the causes that sparked the war—most notably the nuclear issue and the balance of deterrence—continue to persist without radical solutions.