Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women attending Bajil Regional Hospital and public health centers in Bajil City, Yemen

Abstract

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a widespread public health concern that can lead to serious complications, including maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women in Bajil City, Yemen. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 382 pregnant women aged 16–47 years who attended Bajil Regional Hospital and public health centers from August 1, 2024, to May 31, 2025. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and hemoglobin concentration was estimated using hematology analyzers. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 80.1%. Moderate anemia was most common (64.05%), followed by mild (29.41%) and severe anemia (6.54%). Univariate analysis revealed significant associations between anemia and young age (p = 0.007), rural residence (p = 0.040), low income (p = 0.038), gravidity (p = 0.001), history of abortion (p =0.024), short pregnancy spacing (p = 0.011), and second trimester (p = 0.006). After adjustment, only income (p = 0.016) and second trimester (p = 0.010) remained significant. Conclusion: Anemia prevalence was very high, with moderate anemia predominating. Lower income and being in the second trimester were significantly associated factors. Interventions targeting nutrition, supplementation, health education, and antenatal follow-up are crucial. Keywords: prevalence; associated factors; anemia; pregnant women; Bajil City; Yemen.