Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Leaf and Seeds Extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Using Different Extraction

Abstract

Neem (Azadirachta indica), has long been recognized for its medicinal properties. This study evaluates the antibacterial, antioxidant using the Ferric-Biperidine Reducing Capacity of Total Antioxidants (FBRC), Ferric-Reduced Antioxidant Method (FRAP), and scavenging activity by the 1, 1-diphenyl 2-picrylhyorazyl (DPPH) method. The total phenolic content of neem leaf and seed extracts was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu Aliquot method. Among the extracts analyzed, the aqueous soaked leaf extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, followed by the ethanolic-soaked leaf extracts, while the ethanolic Soxhlet seed extracts demonstrated the lowest activity. the total phenolic content was the highest in ethanolic Soxhlet seed extracts (6.319 mg/mg AAE) and aqueous soaked leaf extracts (4.838 mg/mg), with ethanolic soaked leaf extracts showing the lowest concentration (4.165 mg/mg). Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was observed exclusively in ethanol-soaked leaf extracts, with significant inhibition of S. aureus (18 mm). These findings high-light the potent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of neem extracts, supporting their potential application in medicinal treatments.