ال تأثير سرعة دوران الأسطوانة ومعدل التغذية في أداء آلة دراس القمح على الإنتاجية والطاقة والتكلفة.
الشريط الجانبي للمقالة
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
تُعد عمليتا الدراس والتذرية من أهم العمليات التي تلي حصاد محاصيل الحبوب، ولا تقلان أهمية عن الحصاد نفسه، خاصة في الحيازات الزراعية الصغيرة. وتعتمد هذه العمليات تقليديًا على وسائل يدوية بدائية تتطلب جهدًا عضليًا كبيرًا وزمنًا طويلًا، مما يؤدي إلى ارتفاع التكاليف التشغيلية وانخفاض الكفاءة، فضلًا عن الفاقد الناتج عن نقل المحصول. وانطلاقًا من ذلك، تم تطوير آلة دراس وتذرية ذاتية الحركة ملائمة لصغار المزارعين. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم تأثير أربع سرعات دوران للأسطوانة (800، 1000، 1200، 1400 دورة/دقيقة) وأربع معدلات تغذية (20، 25، 30، 35 كغ) على إنتاجية القمح، زمن التشغيل، كفاءة الدراس، استهلاك الطاقة، التكاليف التشغيلية، وكفاءة التنظيف. أظهرت النتائج أن إنتاجية القمح ازدادت بزيادة سرعة الدوران ومعدل التغذية، حيث سُجلت أعلى إنتاجية عند 1400 دورة/دقيقة و35 كغ. كما انخفض زمن التشغيل مع زيادة السرعة وازداد مع زيادة معدل التغذية، وسُجل أقصر زمن تشغيل (39.1 دقيقة) عند 1400 دورة/دقيقة و20 كغ. في المقابل، انخفضت كفاءة الدراس بزيادة السرعة وارتفعت بزيادة معدل التغذية، وبلغت أقصاها (89.2%) عند 800 دورة/دقيقة و35 كغ. كما ازدادت الفاقد، واستهلاك الطاقة، والتكاليف التشغيلية مع زيادة السرعة ومعدل التغذية، بينما انخفضت كفاءة التنظيف. وحقق التشغيل عند 800 دورة/دقيقة و20 كغ أقل فاقد (5.38%)، وأدنى استهلاك للطاقة (41.4 ك·و·س)، وأقل تكلفة تشغيلية، وأعلى كفاءة تنظيف (92.2%). وبناءً عليه، يعتمد اختيار ظروف التشغيل المثلى على الموازنة بين زيادة الإنتاجية وتقليل الفاقد والتكاليف، وقد تحقق أفضل أداء متوازن عند سرعة 800 دورة/دقيقة ومعدل تغذية 20 كغ.
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تفاصيل المقالة
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