Sana'a University Journal of Human Sciences

This study aims to find out the challenges facing mathematics teachers pre-service in the abstract algebra course from their point of view. The study relied on the descriptive and analytical method. The researcher prepared the questionnaire as a tool to achieve the goal of the study. The study sample was limited to (31) male and female fourth-level students. The study found a number of challenges that were classified into three domains, the most important of which was a superficial understanding of the abstract algebra vocabulary, as students resort to memorizing information only to achieve success. In view of the results of the study, the researcher recommended focusing on students’ conceptual and procedural understanding when teaching the course, because the course requires a deeper level of insight and development.

The study aimed to find out the impact of using some active learning strategies in the development of written expression skills in eighth grade students in the Republic of Yemen, To achieve this goal, the researcher used descriptive and semi-experimental methodologies, It prepared a list of written expression skills, an achievement test, and an educational program according to active learning strategies, The research sample consisted of (80) students from the eighth grade basic students in the Capital Secretariat, who were deliberately selected, It was divided into two groups: the first was experimentally studied using active learning-based software, and the second was studied using the usual method.

The research results showed the following:

• Statistically significant differences exist at the significance level (.,.5) between the average grades of the students of the experimental and control groups in the dimensional application of the written expression skills test in favor of the experimental group.
• The presence of statistical function differences at the function level (.,.5) between the average grades of the students of the experimental group in the tribal and post- applications of the written expression skills test in favor of the dimensional application.

The transport contract is divided into several contracts that are described according to the place where the transport takes place, or according to the means through which the transport is carried out. From the contract for transporting things, the contract for transporting money is branched out. This contract finds its basis in the Yemeni commercial law within the contract for transporting goods or things. Due to the specificity of the subject matter of this contract, which is money, it is often fraught with more risks than other movable things. Due to the importance of this specificity, the Yemeni commercial law does not regulate this contract as an independent contract with its own provisions due to its practical importance in the field of transportation or money transfer via electronic means. All the legal provisions of this contract are stipulated in only one article related to the carrier’s responsibility when transporting money, so that the rest of the legal provisions related to the transport of goods or things apply to him. The contract for transporting money differs according to the means through which the money is transported. Transporting it through regular means of transport differs from transporting it by electronic means. Therefore, it is important to clarify the legal nature of this contract, the extent to which it differs from other transport contracts, and what are the obligations incurred by both parties. Cash transportation contract.

The study aimed to find out the economic impact of conditional cash transfers of nutrition on the development of rural women in Yemen.

The descriptive survey method was adopted in which a questionnaire was developed as a tool to survey the views of (56) beneficiary household of the project of conditional cash transfers of nutrition that attached to the Social Fund.

The study has reached several results, the most important of which is that the conditional cash transfer project in nutrition had a significant impact on the economic level of the beneficiary families. This is evident in the increase in the confidence of the beneficiaries in receiving cash amounts and being able to help their families improve their economic situation. The project also provided employment opportunities for some village girls. However, there are families for whom these transfers are barely enough due to the lack of other sources of income. The results also showed that the war had a negative impact on the economic and living conditions of families, as evidenced by the decline in the nutritional, educational, and health levels. The results of the hypotheses also showed that the project contributed somewhat to raising economic awareness among the families benefiting from the program.

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of teaching methods in development the skills of accounting students in Yemeni universities from the viewpoint of students.  In order to achieve the study objectives, the descriptive analytical method was used and questionnaire which consisted of (3) fields was prepared to collect data from study sample which consisted of (386) students. The study employed the SPSS for statistical analysis using statistical methods including frequencies, percentages of samples characteristics, means, standard deviation.  In addition, the independent samples t- test was utilized to test the differences of means between the variable of gender and university. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability which was (0.91). The results revealed that the mean score of evaluation was in medium. The study recommended paying attention of evaluation of a teaching method constantly and conducting intensive training courses and workshops for universities accounting teachers.

The study aimed to know the degree of commitment of faculty members and their assistants at the Faculty of Education in Sana’a to professional ethics, and to know the significance of the statistical differences between the average degree of their commitment to it in relation to the variables of: gender, type of qualification and academic degree. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers prepared two tools. The first tool was a 56-items questionnaire for faculty members and their assistants focusing on six areas. It was distributed to a sample of 115 participants during the academic year 2022-2023. The second tool was an interview, specifically designed for students. The sample of the interview was 35 male and female undergraduate and graduate students. The study concluded that the degree of faculty members’ commitment to professional ethics from their point of view was “very high” with an average of (4.61), and a relative weight of (92.20%). The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the average ratings of faculty members and their assistants for the degree of their commitment to professional ethics in relation to the variable of gender, type of qualification, or academic degree. However, the results of the interview showed the presence of negative perceptions of students towards their instructors, regarding their commitment to professional ethics. They showed that the level of their instructors had a moderate commitment to professional ethics. The study recommended the necessity for developing an ethical charter for the teaching profession, evaluating faculty members accordingly on an ongoing basis, improving their living conditions, enhancing their strengths and addressing the shortcomings in their ethical practices, and providing incentives and appreciation to those who show commitment to professional ethics. That is in order to motivate others to take them as role models.

This study aims to investigate the impact of electronic management on financial performance in Yemeni mobile phone companies. The researcher used a descriptive and analytical approach، and data collection relied on a questionnaire tool. The study population consists of five mobile phone companies in Yemen، and the sample size is 301، using a comprehensive random sampling method. The data was analyzed and the results were presented using the statistical software (SPSS-27) and (AMOS-26). The study reveals that the level of availability of electronic management in its dimensions (human components، physical components، database، reports) in mobile phone companies is generally high، with an average of 5.08، a standard deviation of 1.05، and a percentage of 73%. It also found that the level of availability of financial performance in its dimensions (return on equity، return on assets) in mobile phone companies is generally high، with an average of 4.89، a standard deviation of 1.24، and a percentage of 70%. One of the notable results of the study is the statistically significant positive impact of electronic management on financial performance in mobile phone companies.

This study aims to identify the stereotypes that have been constructed around the writings of Professor Abdullah Hussein Al-Bar. The goal is to confirm, interpret, and challenge these stereotypes, and to explore alternative representations that both reflect and are represented by Al-Bar's work. The study is based immanent approach as well as the outcomes of his critical work, with the aim of uncovering the power and cultural dimensions that have helped stereotype his writings and the direction of his critical engagement, or uncovering what his writings implications that influenced his public and private spheres. To achieve all of that, the study used some of the analytical procedures of cultural studies that have addressed the phenomenon of bias. The findings of this study reveal that the stereotypes imposed on Al-Bar's writings are to broke down such stereotypes and revealing cultural dimensions that demonstrate his interest in society, in communicating with it, and in developing and promoting it at various levels.

This study delves deep into the traumatic experience that almost all Palestinians have fallen prey to since the day Israel declared statehood in 1948 and how such tragic life characterized their psychic growth of the self and identity. It considers Susan Abulhawa's Mornings in Jenin in the light of two psychological notions, that is, Freud's ''the unconscious'' and McAdams's and Cox's ''narrative identity.'' Throughout the novel, Abulhawa unearths the unusual and less known depths in Palestinian history in an attempt to provide new versions of fictional writings. The novel dramatizes the Palestinian characters' inner world, their trauma and their repressed feelings and desires. The repeated incursion of trauma is considered harmful, giving rise to the characters' downfall and being the reason behind their tragedies. The study has shown that the world of the unconscious is clearly represented in the characters' attitudes, behaviors and feelings. It elucidates that some characters succeed in working through their traumas and the dynamics of the unconscious while the others are rendered to be psychologically traumatized. Furthermore, to serve a self-understanding function, Palestinians rely on the strategy of storytelling. Such strategy is used as an empowering device by which Palestinians write their past and guarantee their self-existence. It can also be therapeutic that they use it as a remedy against the displacement and alienation they experience in their permanent exile. 

The martyr leader emphasized that the religious identity is an intrinsic identity for Muslims, originating from Islam and the Holy Quran, which Allah honored the nation with. It is an identity closely tied to practical faith, as mentioned in numerous verses of Allah in His book, and exemplified by the prophets and messengers of Allah. Belief in Allah, His angels, His books, and His messengers holds both ideological and practical dimensions. The people of Yemen have been distinguished by a distinct faith identity, as indicated by the saying of the Prophet, peace be upon him, "Faith is Yemeni," and his statement, "I find the soul of the Most Merciful in Yemen." The secret behind the exceptional faith of the people of Yemen lies in their connection to the Ahlul Bayt (the Prophet's household), their support for them, and their close relationship with them. The martyr leader, Sayyid Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi, made significant efforts to establish and solidify the faith identity through his endeavors in education, culture, and academia, as well as through his various stances. The martyr leader stressed that the enemies exert every possible effort, employing various methods, means, and positions, to distance the Islamic nation from its true identity and religion, in order to facilitate their control over it. Abandoning the faith identity carries grave and far-reaching consequences, rendering the nation distant from its sources of guidance, dignity, and honor, and making it susceptible to corruption, deviation, and enemy domination. Hence, it is imperative to safeguard and nurture our faith identity, and strengthen it among all Muslims. This can only be achieved by adhering to the Holy Quran and its culture, and by forging ties with the beacons of guidance who are the companions of the Quran, and by firmly establishing the principles of faith among all, particularly the youth, so that they are not vulnerable to deviation, alteration of the faith identity, or its disavowal.

This study aimed at investigating the students' attitudes towards using the group work strategy in developing their performance in the English exam at Al-Methaq Secondary School in Marib city. The study used the descriptive approach with quantitative design to achieve its objectives. The sample of the study consisted of (40) male students from the 10^th grade at Al Methaq secondary school in Marib city, they were selected randomly as the sample of the study. The group work strategy was employed in teaching and learning the English language for the duration of 7 weeks at the end of the second term of the academic study year (2022- 2023).  For collecting data, a close-ended   questionnaire   was used. The questionnaires was based on a five-Likert scale to examine students' attitudes towards using the group work strategy in developing their performance in the English exam. Validity and reliability of the tool were assured. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) The results showed that the students had highly positive attitudes towards using the group work strategy in developing their performance in the English exam.  The results of the present study showed that the majority of students agreed that group work strategy is an effective strategy. Finally, the study recommended the necessity of implementing group work strategy and other active learning strategies in teaching and learning the English language to bring better outcomes in the students' performance in English.

This study aimed to find out the effectiveness of a proposed program based on language activities in developing creative written expression skills among secondary school students in the Republic of Yemen, adopting the descriptive approach and the semi-experimental approach by designing two groups: the experimental and the control, with two measurements before and after; In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher prepared a list of creative written expression skills through the literature, previous studies, and literary texts prescribed for first-year secondary students, in the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023 AD. A first-year high school student in one of the basic public schools for students in Ibb Governorate

Al Radmah Directorate, the sample consisted of (60) students, divided equally into two groups: an experimental group that studied creative written expression skills using the proposed program, and a control group that studied the same skills in the traditional way. The study concluded that a list of creative written expression skills was prepared, which consisted of (9) skills. After applying the program, the study found results, the most important of which are: the presence of statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05), between the averages of the experimental group, and the averages of the control group in the post-application of creative written expression skills test, in favor of the experimental group, and this difference is attributed to the proposed program according to the activities Linguistic, where the effect size was (0.867). The researcher recommended several recommendations

The most important of which is the Arabic language teacher’s benefit from the proposed program based on linguistic activities in teaching creative written expression skills to first year secondary school students. The researcher also suggested some complementary studies, the most important of which is conducting a large similar study on the first year of secondary school, which includes new variables, such as gender, educational region, level of previous achievement, years of experience, and the trend towards learning expression, both functional and creative.

The study aimed to identify the reality of the institutional structure of the health management course in the Yemeni Council for Medical Specializations in the Republic of Yemen the study used the descriptive analytical approach. The study population included administrators in the Yemeni Council for Medical and Health Specializations، public departments concerned with policy and planning، and a number of academics trained in the course. In selecting the sample، the study relied on purposive sampling for all study units. The total sample size was (27) individuals. The data was collected using the questionnaire research tool، which was distributed to all study units and was retrieved (by 100%). The data was analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS).

The results of the study showed that the overall average for evaluating the reality of the institutional construction of the health administration course was (1.16) with a relative weight of (58%)، which indicated the absence of actual practice of the standards of institutional construction for the health administration course on the ground. The results showed that there was a difference and discrepancy regarding the reality of practicing the axes. Institutional building، where the axis (legal legitimacy and physical structure) received high degrees of practice. In addition to the above، the results showed that there was no practice for each of the axes of institutional building، such as the axis of organizational structure، evidence، procedures، policies، and strategy، as well as human resources، governance، and material resources.

The results showed that 89% of the sample knew that there was a decision or law to establish the council، and 87% confirmed that there were special halls for students in the health administration course، and 81% believed that the council had legal power effective over educational and executive bodies (accredited)، and that it had An organizational structure within the general framework of the ministry’s structure.

The results showed that most of the sample members believe that there is no practice of most institutional building standards، and they attribute this to the absence of a general guide clarifying the goals، and the presence of a decline and weakness in the relationship and coordination with regional، international، or local educational institutions، as well as with other medical councils to carry out training operations and raise the capabilities of cadres. Courses and staff، with a complete absence of strategies، guides and financial regulations.

This research aims to introduce Imam al-Nasir li-Din Allah al-Mu’aydi (d. 1024 AH) and explain his scholarly standing, his scientific output, his approach, and his sources in his book (The Certain Testament, Interpretation of the Glorious Qur’an). In this research, I used the inductive, descriptive, and historical method. The book contained valuable scientific material, and was distinguished by its easy style, abundant pronunciation, strong expression, and abundance of knowledge, which makes it suitable for specialists and others. The researcher divided it into three sections.

I covered the introduction.

The importance of the topic The reasons for choosing the research, the objectives of the research, the limits of the research, and the study methodology And the study plan. As for     The first section dealt with: introducing Imam Al-Mu’aydi, and the second section:

His era. As for the third section, the name of the book, its attribution, its characteristics, its sources, and the opinions of scholars about it. The research ended

with a conclusion that included the most important recommendations and results.

Among the most important results:

1 - Imam Al-Nasir Lidin Allah Al-Hasan Al-Muaydi was one of the famous scholars of Yemen, who was versed in several sciences, including: the science of interpretation, the science of readings, grammar and morphology, and rhetoric, as his interpretation included these sciences.

2 - The era that Imam Al-Muaydi lived in was full of conflicts that he faced, but they did not affect his academic life, as he wrote a number of books, and he also prayed for himself to save the country from the poverty and wars it had become.

3- He was a famous scholar  Scholars of the Zaidi doctrine and has books on gold.

4 - The book The Certain Testament, Interpretation of the Glorious Qur’an, is abundant in its scientific material, as it

contains many matters, including what is related to the sciences of the Qur’an, Qur’anic readings, and language.

Citing the Prophetic hadiths, discussing jurisprudential issues, interested in the language and the derivations of its words, and other sciences.

Among the most important recommendations are:

1 - An extensive study of the personality of Imam al-Nasir li-Din Allah al-Hasan al-Mu’aydi; Being one of the most

important men of Islamic and political thought because of his powerful influence.

2 - Studying the author’s approach to interpretation through his book The Certain Testament, Interpretation of the Glorious

Qur’an.

3 - Studying the author’s approach to recitations through his book The Certain Testament.

4 - Studying the author’s approach to language through his book The Certain Testament

         In this study, I dealt with the book Sharh al-Tajarid by one of the Zaidi scholars, who played a major role in the history of the emergence of the Zaidi school, namely Imam al-Mu’ayyad Billah Ahmad ibn al-Hussein al-Haruni (d.411 AH).The researcher sought to explain his approach, his method of jurisprudential codification, and the sources from which he derived it.In explaining his book, mentioning a number of fundamentalist and jurisprudential rules that were the basis for building branches on principles. The study included an introduction and two sections, each section containing several demands, and a conclusion that included some findings and recommendations.

          The objective of this study is to determine the impact of change management on digital transformation initiatives in Yemeni telecom sector. A quantitative approach with analytical and deductive methods was adopted to examine the relationship and determine impact between change management and digital transformation. The study targeted a population of 902 managers and team leaders in the sector. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to a stratified sample of 226 respondents. The random sample was 25% of each stratum. Questionnaire items were designed to measure the change management dimensions (Change Urgency, Visionary Coalition, Empowerment and Sustainability) and digital transformation dimensions (Technology, Processes, People, Culture and Business Model).  The results generated show a highly significant positive relationship between effective change Management practices and the successful implementation of digital transformation initiatives (substantial positive coefficient B of 0.786, R² of 0.62 and high t-value of 29.34, and the extremely low p-value below 0.001). In conclusion, this study indicates that digital transformation initiatives require practicing proper and structural change management practices.

The current research aims to develop a proposed concept for establishing scientific gardens in Yemeni universities. The researcher utilized a descriptive methodology and employed a purposive sampling technique. The original research community consisted of experts in the field of management and educational planning from the following Yemeni universities: Sana'a، Aden، Taiz، Hajjah، Al Hudaydah، Amran، Dhamar، and Shabwah. The total number of participants was 32، and the researcher used the modified Delphi method. The researcher utilized a questionnaire as a tool to achieve the research objectives، and its validity was confirmed with an agreement rate among the referees of 92% or higher and a reliability coefficient of 0.99. The questionnaire consisted of 69 items distributed across six domains representing the main dimensions of scientific gardens: vision، mission، and objectives; organizational and legislative structure; human and financial resources; technological and material resources; research and scientific culture; partnership and community development.

The research findings revealed several important results، including the following:

• The level of importance of building the proposed elements for establishing scientific gardens in Yemeni universities، as perceived by the participating experts، was high، with an average score of 4.04 and a relative weight of 80.7%.
• The research also resulted in a set of recommendations and proposals، the most important of which is the implementation of the proposed concept for establishing scientific gardens in Yemeni universities.

The study aimed to know The Knowledge Management Implementation Level in Private Universities in the Capital Secretariat، Sana’a. It used the descriptive survey method and the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data and information. The population of the study has consisted of all permanent faculty members in private universities in the capital Sana’a. They are (442) members. Moreover، the sample of the study composed of (245) individuals were selected in a stratified random way. According to faculty members point of view، the study has concluded that، the Knowledge Management Implementation Level in Private Universities in the Capital Secretariat، Sana’a was generally high. The arithmetic means as a whole reached (3.51) ، with a percentage of (70.13%) ، and a standard deviation of (0.66). The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the estimates of the study sample members about The Knowledge Management Implementation Level in Private Universities in the Capital Secretariat، Sana’a. Due to the variables (establishment of the university، academic degree، type of college، nature of work، years of experience) at the overall level of the tool and on all dimensions.

This study aimed to measure the impact of organizational loyalty with its dimensions (emotional loyalty, continuous loyalty, moral loyalty) on the performance of workers in Yemeni banks in the capital Sana’a. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach and relied on the questionnaire as the main tool for collecting data from the study sample, which numbered (322). Single, and the data were analyzed using (SPSS) program as well as (SMART-PLS) program, and the study reached a number of results, the most important of which was the presence of a statistically significant effect at the significance level (0.05≥α) of organizational loyalty on the performance of employees, as well as the presence of a high level of loyalty The highest achievement was for the two dimensions (moral loyalty, then emotional loyalty), and the lowest achievement was for the (continuing loyalty) dimension. The level of employee performance was high, and the highest achievement was for the (organizational commitment) dimension, and the lowest achievement was for the (job satisfaction) dimension. The study presented a set of recommendations. The most important of which are: the necessity of maintaining and enhancing the level of organizational loyalty in banks by providing a work environment that helps with a sense of loyalty, developing a system for wages and financial rewards, in a way that is commensurate with the needs and aspirations of employees in order to ensure their continuity in work, as well as increasing attention to the performance of employees in the bank as it is the basic pillar. In achieving the goals through qualifying and training employees and participating in presenting ideas and opinions and drawing up the bank’s policies.

This study aimed to measure the role of strategic leadership with its dimensions (strategic direction, core capabilities, development human capital, effective organizational culture, emphasizing ethical practices, and balanced organizational oversight) in improving institutional performance in its dimensions (financial dimension, customer orientation, operations dimension, learning and growth dimension). In Yemeni banks in the capital, Sana'a.

Through a comprehensive survey of all employees of administrative banking leaders in Yemeni banks. The study population totaled (758) leaders, and (678) questionnaires were analyzed. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach, and the study relied on the questionnaire as the main tool for a data collection. The data was analyzed using application of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

The study reached a number of conclusions, the most of important of which was the existence of a positive role for strategic leadership in improving institutional performance in Yemeni banks (study sample). There is also a great concern in strategic leadership in all its dimensions, The highest of these dimensions was available then the strategic direction, and the lowest of them was the balanced regulatory oversight. The is also a great interest on the part of banking leadership in improving institutional performance, as it   has been more achieved the financial dimension and the least of them learning and growth. The studies concluded with a number of recommendations.  the most important was the necessity of strengthening the practice of strategic leadership by Yemeni banks (study sample), retaining talents and those with skills, the necessity of preparing future leaders from their qualified cadres, and encouraging the practice of ethical rules by granting incentives and rewards to distinguished people and providing banking services in a timely manner.

This study aimed to identify the level of risk impact on the application of capital adequacy standards in accordance with Basel decisions in Yemeni commercial banks. The study relied on the descriptive analytical method, and the questionnaire was used as a tool for the study.

the study reached many conclusions. The most significant are: the availability of the basic principles of risk Management with the commitment of Yemeni commercial banks to apply the requirements of the Basel committee standards to provide an appropriate environment for measurement capital adequacy and Risk Management. This confirms the presence of a greater motivation for application, risk measurement in Yemeni commercial banks is not effective for not keeping pace with modern measurement methods according to Basel 2,3.

The study suggested: creating a time-bound plan to eliminate the challenges faced by the Yemeni Banking sector to meet the three versions of the Basel standards, amending the instructions of the Central Bank to measure capital adequacy by adding all risks, and establishing a national institution for credit ratings. The need to start implementing the mechanism provided to adjust the capital of Yemeni commercial banks in accordance with the third decisions of Basel.

The study aims to identify the extent to which the creative leadership style was adopted in the Palestinian Ministry of Education، as well as to identify the reality of crisis management among workers in the Palestinian Ministry of Education، and it also aims to identify the impact of the creative leadership style on crisis management in the Palestinian Ministry of Education. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach، and in order to achieve this، the researcher developed a questionnaire consisting of (59) paragraphs divided into two dimensions، the first dimension is creative leadership، and the second dimension is crisis management. The researcher applied the study tool to all (507) employees of the Palestinian Ministry of Education) male and female employees in the Ministry’s building in Ramallah belong to the following categories (administrative employee، department head، department manager) ، and the study sample consisted of (224) male and female employees. The Palestinian Ministry of Education was high، and the reality of crisis management among workers in the Palestinian Ministry of Education was high، and there was a positive impact of creative leadership in crisis management. In light of this، the researcher made several recommendations، including: Strengthening the creative leader pattern in the ministry Continuity in supporting and enhancing creative leadership at different levels with the participation of employees with those in charge of implementation، and continuity in setting controls that ensure their effectiveness to achieve the desired goals. This is through conducting specialized courses on leadership patterns، especially the creative pattern that represents a modern pattern. Modern is able to provide managers with additional skills that enable them to deal with unusual situations and circumstances، especially in the Palestinian environment. Interest in establishing a crisis observatory consisting of a team specialized in crisis management and from all administrative levels in order to monitor any signs of crises that may threaten the work of the ministry، as the crisis observatory is able to identify alarming indicators that warn of crises

The study aimed to measure the impact of the total quality management through its dimensions including (client focus, continuous improvement, employee participation, senior management support and operations focus) that affects the institutional performance on Yemeni commercial Banks operating within the Capital Sana'a through its dimensions (efficiency and effectiveness).

The study employed both analytical and descriptive curriculum, and using a questionnaire to collect the primary data. The study community consisted of 1,452 individuals, distributed on seven commercial banks, the sample size (304) individuals, (220) questionnaires were returned, the Social Sciences Statistical Package Program (SPSS V.26) processed data.

According to the study, there is a statistically significant effect (α ≤ 0.05) of total quality management on institutional performance of Yemeni commercial banks. The overall quality management dimensions, which include (senior management support, client focus, continuous improvement, and process focus), have a statistically significant effect on institutional performance. In the context of this study, there was no statistically significant effect of (employee participation) on institutional performance.

The study presented a set of recommendations, which highlighted the central role of TQM in enhancing institutional performance. Implementing effective practices for managing TQM accurately leads to superior institutional results. Senior managerial leaders in commercial banks must participate in supporting quality initiatives while demonstrating their commitment and clear support towards those principles. They should also increase employee participation in decision-making and cultivate a sense of engagement among employee.

The research aims to identify the extent of the application of total quality management standards in the Yemeni Ministry of Youth and Sports, and the differences in the extent of application of total quality management standards according to the variable (gender, and academic qualification), and the research sample was selected in a random way of (150) male and female employees, and the use of the descriptive approach to its suitability to the nature of the research, and the questionnaire for data collection consists of four axes (effective administrative leadership, training and learning, employee participation in administrative work, communication system), and the results showed that the application of total quality management standards In the Yemeni Ministry of Youth and Sports, it came at an average level, and also there were no statistically significant differences between the average estimates of the research sample on all axes in the extent of application of total quality management standards according to the research variable.

The researcher recommends providing modern devices, networks and equipment required for the communication system in all departments and administrative units, establishing various training programs for employees, providing them with material and moral support and development, and enhancing their skills, abilities and experience In administrative work. And the use of experts from academics and specialists In administrative and sports affairs.

The study aims to identify the level of physical ability indicators among Yemen national  football junior team and the relation between physical ability indicators  and their athletic achievement ،the sample of the study can sited of 19 players ،they were selected in a purposive sampling the descriptive method was used for its suitability for this research، the results showed that level of physical ability indicators in terms of selection helps coach to know the physical levels of the junior players the range begins with the largest value minus the smallest value which includes speed and strength . flexibility and aghast to lowest according to the indicators of physical abilities the total of degrees the percentage of the level of achievement ،the standard  deviation and the physical ranks corresponding to the performance analysis through the west Asian championship among the players indicated that there is a difference in the degrees among the junior players they have recommended that during the selection of the junior players ،coaches should be guided by the physical  abilities of players ،especially the junior players  It is necessary to focus on the physical aspect during the preparation period it is also necessary to know the individual al differences between the  junior players.

The research aims to explore linguistic phenomena in the Hadhrami dialect, identify the linguistic features that distinguish this dialect, and preserve as much of the dialect's vocabulary as possible from extinction. The research boundaries will rely on oral sources, followed by referencing Arabic dictionaries to determine the meanings and origins of words. The researcher adopted the inductive approach to gather vocabulary and the descriptive-analytical approach to study these phenomena. The researcher has reached a number of findings, the most important of which are: some archaic linguistic phenomena remain unchanged, such as "al-'aj'ajah" and "ashnashnah.". Additionally, some archaic linguistic phenomena have undergone changes and differ from standard Arabic, such as diminution, inversion, and substitution. Furthermore, certain loanwords from English and Hindi have entered the dialect, such as "kabat" (cabinet), "kandishin" (conditioner), and "banqalah" (bungalow). There are also differences in vocabulary between the Hadhrami dialect and standard Arabic, particularly in interrogative words. Some Hadhrami words have no roots in Arabic dictionaries, like "ghadhq," where the exact word was not found, but similar words with slight variations in some letters and the same meaning were found. Hadhramis tend to use abbreviations in their speech, possibly due to the speed of their speech, leading to the omission of certain letters in words, such as "lahad" for "la ahad" (nobody) and "layman" for "al-ayman" (the right). The research is divided into two sections preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion and suggestions. The first section explores the levels of the Hadhrami dialect, including phonetics, morphology, and syntax. The second section focuses on specific vocabulary in the Hadhrami dialect, including residential terms and rain-related terms.

The current study aimed to determine the impact of implementing Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation standards focused on the patient on improving the quality of healthcare services. The study utilized a descriptive analytical inductive approach, and a questionnaire was designed to collect data and distributed to a simple random sample of 310 individuals in three hospitals. A total of 243 valid questionnaires were identified for analysis. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) was used to test the model and study hypotheses. The study found several important results, including a statistically significant impact of implementing JCI accreditation standards focused on the patient on improving the quality of healthcare services. However, there were no differences in the level of healthcare service quality attributed to organizational variables. The study concluded with several recommendations, including the need to enhance the level of accreditation standards implementation, particularly in terms of documentation, awareness, access to care, and continuity. Continuous reviews of processes and procedures are also recommended to ensure ongoing improvement.

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of a program based on the constructivist approach to teaching jurisprudence in developing preventive skills of first-grade secondary students in Amran Governorate in the Republic of Yemen. To achieve the objectives of this study، the researcher prepared a list of preventive skills including (42) sub-indicators، distributed in (4) main fields. In addition، the study aims to build a program based on the constructivist approach to teach the subject of Islamic jurisprudence related to the development of preventive skills. The researcher used the semi-experimental approach with a one-group design. The instrument of this study was a test including preventive skills. The sample of the study consisted of (60) male and female students who were chosen intentionally from (3) three various schools of first-year secondary school students in Amran Governorate. The study was conducted during the second semester of the 2022/2023 academic year In Amran. The study concluded the following results: There were statistically significant differences at the level of (0.001) between the average scores of the experimental group members in the pre-and post-applications of the preventive skills test whereas the differences were in the direction of the post-application. The results also revealed the effectiveness of the program based on the constructivist approach to teaching jurisprudence to develop preventive skills for students for first-year secondary school students in Amran City. Therefore، the study recommended benefiting from the list of preventive skills that this study concluded when preparing health development programs and preventive to teach any course of the branches of Islamic education for the secondary stage. Additionally، the study recommended including the preventive education concepts in the Islamic education curriculum in the secondary stage and providing students with positive attitudes toward them.

The research problem includes the question of whether the self-shapes the universe through its knowledge, or if the universe exists independently of it. This is done by presenting the relationship between the self and the subject, between the idealism of Copenhagen and the realism of Einstein. A critical analytical approach was used in this study. The research was divided into three sections. The first section addressed the relationship between the self and the subject from a scientific perspective, presenting the vision of the Copenhagen school, led by Niels Bohr, and the vision of scientific realism, led by Albert Einstein. The second section explained how knowledge becomes a source of self-formation for the universe, stating that we are not the sole perceivers in this universe. The third section discussed the independence of the universe from the self and the miracle of understanding the universe. The most significant results of the research were that the self, through its perception, shapes a universe that it cannot fully comprehend, and that the universe is independent of the self in two aspects: firstly, in terms of its existence in itself, and secondly, in terms of the existence of other universes formed by entities other than the human self. These results provide a reconciliation between the Copenhagen school and the school of realism.

Through this research, the researcher sought to achieve a main goal, which is to develop a practical road map for preparing and writing administrative reports in a scientific, systematic, and organized manner that would achieve effective and influential administrative communication in making rational administrative decisions. In order to achieve this, the two methods: decision-making and the descriptive analytical approach were used in constructing the research, reaching a number of results, the most prominent of which are: The process of preparing and writing administrative reports is no longer a matter of pure discretion, but rather is a process governed by many planning and methodological steps, and scientific rules: objective and technical, which those concerned with preparing and writing administrative reports must be familiar with. This is to ensure effective and influential administrative communication in making appropriate administrative decisions. Thus, emphasizing the importance of taking into account the road map provided by the research in this regard.

      The objective of this study is to determine the impact of change management on digital transformation initiatives in Yemeni telecom sector. A quantitative approach with analytical and deductive methods was adopted to examine the relationship and determine the impact between change management and digital transformation. The study targeted a population of 902 managers and team leaders in the sector. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to a stratified sample of 226 respondents. The random sample was 25% of each stratum. The questionnaire items were designed to measure the change management dimensions (Change Urgency, Visionary Coalition, Empowerment and Sustainability) and digital transformation dimensions (Technology, Processes, People, Culture and Business Model).  The results generated show a highly significant positive relationship between effective change management practices and the successful implementation of digital transformation initiatives (substantial positive coefficient B of 0.786, R² of 0.62 and high t-value of 29.34, and the extremely low p-value below 0.001). In conclusion, this study indicates that digital transformation initiatives require practicing proper and structural change management practices.

This research aims to investigate the relationship between human resource development and the achievement of service quality, with an empirical study conducted on Al-Montab Brothers Exchange and Financial Transfers Company. To achieve the research objective, the researcher adopted a descriptive analytical approach and conducted a comprehensive survey among all employees in the company's Administration Head Office by distributing questionnaires to a total of 115 employees. After performing statistical analysis using SPSS software, several key findings were obtained. It was found that the current status of human resource development in the company is average, while the service quality was rated high. Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was identified between human resource development and service quality at Al-Muntab Brothers Exchange.

In the light of these results, the researcher has reached a number of findings. The most important of which are: enhancing and improving the focus on human resource development within the company and strengthening the process of enhancing service quality. This will enable the company to provide exceptional services that align with its competitive position in the market.

         The aim of this research is to introduce the author of the manuscript, the scholar Ali bin Mohammed bin Abi Al- San'ani, and to Qasim bin Mohammed Al- present his life. It also aims to define his manuscript, (The transparent pearls taken from the scouts), and to present the manuscript in a manner befitting its scholarly status. This research adopts a descriptive approach in introducing the author, his personal and scholarly life, elucidating the author's methodology. It includes an example of investigation, presenting a complete analysis of Surat Al-Anfal. The research employs an inductive approach in attributing the statements referenced by the author to their sources. The main sections of this research include an introduction, two main chapters, and a conclusion. The findings indicate several key points, notably that the author was a prominent scholarly figure in his era, highly regarded by fellow scholars. He belonged to the scholars who dedicated their lives to knowledge. The sources utilized by the author in interpretation were diverse, owing to the methodology applied in his work, which combines both narrated traditions and personal opinion in interpretation. Therefore, it is recommended to publish the interpretation by Ali bin Muhammad bin Abi Al-Qasim in Islamic libraries due to its significant contribution to the fields of interpretation, jurisprudence, language, and grammar, once its investigation is completed.